Role of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Systrom, David M.; Cockrill, Barbara A.; Hales, Charles A.

doi:10.1159/000062220

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 53 publications

(62 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Typically, ventilatory response to exercise is abnormally elevated compared to healthy aged-matched counterparts (Fig. 4) (59,62,325) consequently to very high levels of wasted ventilation resulting from lung hypoperfusion (68,189,226,297,299). Accordingly, the ventilatory equivalents for oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output at a given work rate are increased, reflecting poor pulmonary perfusion and increased wasted ventilation (68, 189, 226, 297, 299).…”

Section: Ventilatory Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Limiting Exercise Tolerance in Chronic Lung Diseases

Vogiatzis

Zakynthinos

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The major limitation to exercise performance in patients with chronic lung diseases is an issue of great importance since identifying the factors that prevent these patients from carrying out activities of daily living provides an important perspective for the choice of the appropriate therapeutic strategy. The factors that limit exercise capacity may be different in patients with different disease entities (i.e., chronic obstructive, restrictive or pulmonary vascular lung disease) or disease severity and ultimately depend on the degree of malfunction or miss coordination between the different physiological systems (i.e., respiratory, cardiovascular and peripheral muscles). This review focuses on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary vascular disease (PVD). ILD and PVD are included because there is sufficient experimental evidence for the factors that limit exercise capacity and because these disorders are representative of restrictive and pulmonary vascular disorders, respectively. A great deal of emphasis is given, however, to causes of exercise intolerance in COPD mainly because of the plethora of research findings that have been published in this area and also because exercise intolerance in COPD has been used as a model for understanding the interactions of different pathophysiologic mechanisms in exercise limitation. As exercise intolerance in COPD is recognized as being multifactorial, the impacts of the following factors on patients' exercise capacity are explored from an integrative physiological perspective: (i) imbalance between the ventilatory capacity and requirement; (ii) imbalance between energy demands and supplies to working respiratory and peripheral muscles; and (iii) peripheral muscle intrinsic dysfunction/weakness.

show abstract

Section: Ventilatory Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Limiting Exercise Tolerance in Chronic Lung Diseases

Vogiatzis

Zakynthinos

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in the Functional and Prognostic Evaluation of Patients with Pulmonary Diseases

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exercise testing is increasingly utilized to evaluate the level of exercise intolerance in patients with lung and heart diseases. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is considered the gold standard to study a patient’s level of exercise limitation and its causes. The 2 CPET protocols most frequently used in the clinical setting are the maximal incremental and the constant work rate tests. The aim of this review is to focus on the main respiratory diseases for which exercise tolerance is indicated; for example, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, primary pulmonary hypertension and cystic fibrosis. This review also focuses on the variables/indices that are utilized in the functional and prognostic evaluation. The recognition of abnormal response patterns of ventilatory, cardiac and metabolic limitation to exercise may help in the diagnostic evaluation. In addition, CPET indexes can provide important functional and prognostic information regarding patients with pulmonary disease. Exercise indices, such as peak oxygen uptake (V’O_{2 peak}), ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide production (V’_E-/V’CO₂) and arterial oxygen saturation (S_pO₂), have in fact proven to be better predictors of prognosis than lung function measurements obtained at rest. Moreover, useful information on the effects of therapeutic interventions may be obtained by CPET by studying the changes in endurance capacity during high-intensity constant work rate protocols.

show abstract

Walking with Only Non-Invasive Ventilation in Stable Hypercapnic COPD Patients: Sufficient or Not?

Ulaşlı

Esquinas

2016

COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Role of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 53 publications

Factors Limiting Exercise Tolerance in Chronic Lung Diseases

Factors Limiting Exercise Tolerance in Chronic Lung Diseases

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in the Functional and Prognostic Evaluation of Patients with Pulmonary Diseases

Walking with Only Non-Invasive Ventilation in Stable Hypercapnic COPD Patients: Sufficient or Not?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About