Role of Carbon Porosity and Ion Size in the Development of Ionic Liquid Based Supercapacitors

Abstract

The role played by carbon porosity and electrolyte chemistry in the development of double-layer supercapacitors based on solvent-free ionic liquids ͑ILs͒ of a wide electrochemical stability window is investigated. Voltammetric studies performed in N-methyl-N-butyl-pyrrolidinium bis͑trifluoromethanesulfonyl͒imide ͑PYR 14 TFSI͒, N-trimethyl-N-propylammonium bis͑trifluo-romethanesulfonyl͒imide, and N-methyl-N-butyl-pyrrolidinium tris͑pentafluoroethyl͒trifluorophosphate ionic liquids and PYR 14 TFSI-tetraethyl ammonium bis͑trifluoromethanesulfonyl͒imide solutions demonstrate that the pore-to-ion size ratio and the porous electrode/IL interface properties may have a higher impact on the electrode electrical response than do the inherent IL bulk properties. The effect of carbon porosity on the electrode capacitance and charge storage capability in both the positive and negative potential domains is discussed in relation to the IL properties, and an estimation of the upper limits of the performance of IL based supercapacitors with carbons of optimized porosity is reported.

Density, dynamic viscosity, and electrical conductivity of two hydrophobic functionalized ionic liquids

“…As a stable hydrophobic anion, bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]i mide [NTf 2 ] À has been attracted so much concern in industrial and academic area [5][6][7]. Many of [NTf 2 ] À based traditional ILs have been synthesized and probed systematically in deeply [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

A universal equivalent circuit for carbon-based supercapacitors

“…For example, some researchers have applied small-amplitude techniques such as impedance spectroscopy [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70], while others have applied large-amplitude techniques such as cyclic voltammetry [71][72][73][74][75][76][77]. A few pioneers have even performed computer simulations [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90]. In spite of these diverse efforts, however, no single model has yet emerged that is capable of rationalizing the whole gamut of experimental results.…”

Density, dynamic viscosity, and electrical conductivity of pyridinium-based hydrophobic ionic liquids

“…[1][2][3][4]. As a stable hydrophobic ILs anion, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [NTf 2 ] À type ILs is especially strikingly [5][6][7]. So, the physicochemical properties of [NTf 2 ] À type ILs were probed systematically [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”