Role of cAMP in modulating relaxation kinetics and the force-frequency relation in mitral regurgitation heart failure

Abstract

The report is a discussion of previously published and newly analyzed results concerning the association between heart diseases and alterations in the force-frequency relation (FFR). The optimum stimulation frequency of the FFR is measured and compared in isolated left ventricular myocardium from non-failing hearts with atrial septal defect, coronary artery disease (without and with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) and from failing hearts with mitral regurgitation, or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Specifically, we examine the role of altered control of the excitation-contraction coupling system in blunting the force-frequency relation. We use the percent slope of the FFR as a measure of changes in the frequency sensitivity of this control. Our finding of a linear, direct relation between optimum stimulation frequency and % slope across all disease types suggests both parameters are coupled to the same underlying mechanism. To investigate the possible role of altered control of the calcium pump in this mechanism, we analyzed the detailed relation between isometric twitch relaxation kinetics and stimulation frequency in mitral regurgitation myocardium (MR). In the presence of 0.5 microM forskolin the depressed slope and optimum frequency of the FFR and the prolonged half-time of twitch relaxation were all restored to values found in non-failing myocardium. We use the kinetics of isometric twitch relaxation as an index of changes in pumping rate that occur in response to changes in stimulation frequency or in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentration. A mathematical model based on the Hill relations for calcium pump uptake rate and for isometric tension as a function of intracellular pCa is developed to simulate isometric twitch relaxation in MR and non-failing myocardium. The success of this model in simulating non-failing and failing twitch relaxation supports a proposed mechanism for the prolonged relaxation time and depressed FFR in MR involving depressed protein kinase-A activity (due to lowered cAMP or to a defect in the Ser16 site of phospholamban) as a mechanism of altered control of the calcium pump in MR heart disease.

Rate‐dependent changes of twitch force duration in rat cardiac trabeculae: a property of the contractile system

“…Furthermore, in diseased myocardium the normal rate‐dependent modulation of contractile performance is impaired (Pieske et al 1995; Licata et al 1997). Previous studies have linked the delayed relaxation and disrupted diastolic function in diseased heart to downregulation of the adrenergic receptors and cAMP‐dependent pathways (Schmidt et al 1995; Mulieri et al 1997) but modification of this intrinsic system might also occur. We initially postulated that rate‐dependent abbreviation of twitch force and [Ca 2+ ] i transient duration involved various intracellular kinases.…”