Role of calcium oxide in sludge granulation and methanogenesis for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent using UASB reactor

Ahmad, Anwar; Ghufran, Rumana; Wahid, Zularisam Abdul

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.008

Cited by 58 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…2). During the operation an average COD of POME was 45000 ± 2189 mg/l while the CR treated POME was 2435±1176 mg/l 18 . The COD removal occurs in both primary treatment (where a portion of organics is adsorbed on to the particles) and secondary biological treatment (where COD is removed by anaerobic digestion of volatile fatty acids) 8 .…”

Section: Cod Removal In Tp and Crmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Therefore, the steady-state models are basically able to predict the parameters that have been considered in mass balance relations but are unable to estimate the other interrelated effluent quality parameters 16 . B i o d e gra d a t i o n i s a m e t a b o l i s mindependent consumption of organic to living cells, nonliving biomass, or microbial extracellular polymers 17,18 . Specific metabolic pathways resulting in bio-precipitation of organic molecules or their mechanisms of degradation have been provided elsewhere 19,20 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment Process Evaluation and Fate of Priority Components in an Open and Closed Digestion System

Ahmad¹,

Krimly²

2014

Curr World Environ

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The evaluation for the degradability of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biogas contents before and after closed tank reactor (CR) and open tank reactor (TP) were observed. COD reduction in the TP (maximum degradability rate of 60%) and CR (maximum degradability rate of 85%). The variation in CH 4 , volatile fatty acid (VFA) and total suspended (TSS) contents in the effluent was more pronounced in the first six months and found stable afterward. The maximum organic loading rate (OLR) of 11.5 g-COD l/d attained corresponded to 85% overall COD removal. However, there is study to degradability of COD and quantify the actual CH 4 recover from the commercial scale wastewater treatment from TP and CR. The findings indicated that the CH 4 content was between 49% TP which was lower than the value of 57% reported in TP. The lower VFAs were found in the CR because of variation of palm oil mill effluent quality and quantity from palm oil mill industry.

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Section: Cod Removal In Tp and Crmentioning

confidence: 96%

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confidence: 99%

Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment Process Evaluation and Fate of Priority Components in an Open and Closed Digestion System

Ahmad¹,

Krimly²

2014

Curr World Environ

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“…The most common method for extracting palm oil is a wet palm oil milling mechanism (Ahmad et al, 2011). In this study, 20 Malaysian POMs located in Johor, Melaka, and Selangor were selected.…”

Section: Palm Oil Mill Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutant in palm oil production process

Hosseini

Wahid

2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a by-product of the palm industry and it releases large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Water systems are also contaminated by POME if it is released into nonstandard ponds or rivers where it endangers the lives of fish and water fowl. In this paper, the environmental bottlenecks faced by palm oil production were investigated by analyzing the data collected from wet extraction palm oil mills (POMs) located in Malaysia. Strategies for reducing pollution and technologies for GHG reduction from the wet extraction POMs were also proposed. Average GHG emissions produced from processing 1 ton of crude palm oil (CPO) was 1100 kg CO 2 eq. This amount can be reduced to 200 kg CO 2 eq by capturing biogases. The amount of GHG emissions from open ponds could be decreased from 225 to 25 kg CO 2 eq/MT CPO by covering the ponds. Installation of biogas capturing system can decrease the average of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to about 17,100 mg/L and stabilizing ponds in the final step could decrease COD to 5220 mg/L. Using a biogas capturing system allows for the reduction of COD by 80% and simultaneously using a biogas capturing system and by stabilizing ponds can mitigate COD by 96%. Other ways to reduce the pollution caused by POME, including the installation of wet scrubber vessels and increasing the performance of biogas recovery and biogas upgrading systems, are studied in this paper.Implications: Around 0.87 m 3 POME is produced per 1 ton palm fruit milled. POME consists of around 2% oil, 2-4% suspended solid, 94-96% water. In palm oil mills, more than 90% of GHGs were emitted from POME. From 1 ton crude palm oil, 1100 kg CO 2 eq GHGs are generated, which can be reduced to 200 kg CO 2 eq by installation of biogas capturing equipment.

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“…Additionally, existing techniques for POME remediation including treatment of POME using integrated anaerobic--aerobic bioreactor (IAAB) (Chan et al 2012), upfl ow anaerobic sludge bioreactor (UASB) (Ahmad et al 2011) and anaerobic bench scale reactor (ABSR) (Tjoon Tow Teng et al 2013) demand high capital and operating costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of fresh palm oil mill effluent biodegradation with Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma virens

Jalaludin

Rahman

Razali

et al. 2016

Archives of Environmental Protection

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Abstract:In this work, response surface optimization strategy was employed to enhance the biodegradation process of fresh palm oil mill effl uent (POME) by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma virens. A central composite design (CCD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to study the effects of three independent variables: inoculum size (%), agitation rate (rpm) and temperature (°C) on the biodegradation processes and production of biosolids enriched with fungal biomass protein. The results achieved using A. niger were compared to those obtained using T. virens. The optimal conditions for the biodegradation processes in terms of total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), specifi c resistance to fi ltration (SRF) and production of biosolids enriched with fungal biomass protein in fresh POME treated with A. niger and T. virens have been predicted by multiple response optimization and verifi ed experimentally at 19% (v/v) inoculum size, 100 rpm, 30.2°C and 5% (v/v) inoculum size, 100 rpm, 33.3°C respectively. As disclosed by ANOVA and response surface plots, the effects of inoculum size and agitation rate on fresh POME treatment process by both fungal strains were signifi cant.

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Role of calcium oxide in sludge granulation and methanogenesis for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent using UASB reactor

Cited by 58 publications

References 34 publications

Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment Process Evaluation and Fate of Priority Components in an Open and Closed Digestion System

Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment Process Evaluation and Fate of Priority Components in an Open and Closed Digestion System

Pollutant in palm oil production process

Optimization of fresh palm oil mill effluent biodegradation with Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma virens

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