Role of calcination on dielectric properties of BaTiO3 nanoparticles as a gas sensor

Pawar, Hariom; Khan, Meenu; Kumari, Manisha; Dwivedi, Umesh Kumar; Prasad, Tara; Kumar, Ranveer; Rathore, Deepshikha

doi:10.1007/s00339-021-04517-6

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These are the intermediate temperatures for the Ag/BTO/TiO 2 sensor in the presence of NO 2 and SO 2 gas molecules. Sensors display highest sensitivity at intermediate temperatures, the points at which diffusion of gas molecules achieves equilibrium with the chemical response of the material. − When tested with increasing temperature, three distinct peaks were reached at 160, 250, and 290 °C by NO 2(VC) showing 50, 65, and 80% response, respectively. Response for SO 2(VC) reached a constant of about 55% from 140 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity of an Ag/BTO-Based Nanocomposite as a Gas Sensor Between NO₂ and SO₂ Gases

Paul,

Aamir,

Yunus

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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The novel Ag/BTO/TiO 2 nanocomposite was assessed for its gas-sensing capabilities toward hazardous gases NO 2 and SO 2 . It exhibited p-type behavior with increasing resistance for SO 2 with a response and recovery time of ∼5 and ∼2 s, respectively, switching to n-type behavior when exposed to NO 2 with a response and recovery time of ∼20 and ∼250 s, respectively. Analyte gas concentrations from 0 to 220 ppm were taken for analysis. Selectivity analysis at room temperature revealed NO 2 's superior response of ∼20% above 180 ppm, compared to SO 2 's < 3% response at 180 ppm. NO 2(VC) achieved its highest response (∼45%) at 30 ppm and remained constant above 80 ppm, while SO 2(VC) peaked at ∼30% at 60 ppm but declined with increasing flow rates. Further, the increasing temperature led to an amplified response for NO 2 , whereas SO 2 showed an increase in response after 180 °C. SO 2(VC) exhibited a significant response of ∼70% from 140 °C onward. Additionally, NO 2(VC) showed distinct peaks at 160, 250, and 290 °C with responses of 50, 65, and 80%, respectively. The calculated limit of detection values were 236 ppm for NO 2 , 644.07 ppm for SO 2 , 401.32 ppm for NO 2(VC) , and 496.86 ppm for SO 2(VC) .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity of an Ag/BTO-Based Nanocomposite as a Gas Sensor Between NO₂ and SO₂ Gases

Paul,

Aamir,

Yunus

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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“…The dielectric constant was recorded as ∼37.4 at 6 kHz, which decreases until ∼33.2 at high frequency. 41,42 Panels c and d of Figure 8 represent a general decrease in dielectric properties upon increasing temperature, as also reported by Fu et al 2 The presence of three distinct dielectric constant (ε) peaks at 100, 175, and 350 °C reaches ∼46.6, ∼47.8, and ∼46.9 at 0.2 MHz, while at 50, 175, and 350 °C, it reaches ∼41.5, ∼41.8, and ∼ 34.2, respectively, at 1.5 MHz, which can be speculated as a distinct transition temperature for two different frequencies upon which the increase in dielectric polarization is evident as a result of interfaces and grain boundaries. The hump at 350 °C was speculated to be caused by the phase change of BaTiO 3 from orthorhombic to rhombohedral and degradation of small amounts of BaTiO 3 in BaTi 5 O 11 , as also depicted in the XRD pattern.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these SMOs, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and barium titanate [BaTiO 3 (BTO)] have shown promising gas-sensing capabilities. Gas-sensing properties of single- and multiphase TiO 2 composites based on thin films, core shells, and nanobelts were explored extensively for reductive and oxidative gases. − Studies on BTO and its secondary and ternary nanocomposites incorporating silver nanoparticle (AgNP) dopants were also published as effective gas sensors for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), NO 2 , and NH 3 . − Despite their excellent sensing properties, the performance of TiO 2 and BTO can be further enhanced by incorporating additional dopants, such as AgNPs . Wang et al reported a brief survey on the suitability of various transition and non-transition metal oxides as gas sensors by studying the surface reaction factors that influence the sensitivity of the gas molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

p-/n-Type Switching in the Ag/BTO/TiO₂ Nanocomposite as a Gas Sensor toward Ethanol, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and Ammonia

Paul,

Aamir,

Aslam

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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A novel Ag/BTO/TiO 2 nanocomposite was prepared using chemical reduction and sol−gel techniques followed by sintering at ∼950 °C to grow rutile TiO 2 and remove organic materials and hydroxyl groups. The structural, optical, morphological, dielectric, and gas-sensing properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet−visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and inductance, capacitance, and resistance meter, respectively. The surface plasmon resonance peak of Ag was observed at 428 nm, and the absorption edge of the Ag/BTO/TiO 2 nanocomposite was observed at 235 nm, with an energy bandgap of 5.42 eV. The dielectric constant is lower at 25 °C and becomes highest at 350 °C and low frequency. The percentage response is better toward ammonia than ethanol and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at 25 °C, while it is greater, ∼87%, for LPG at a higher temperature. The p-/n-type switching and vice versa were recorded in the whole gas-sensing measurement. During response− recovery time, the device performed as n type for ethanol and ammonia and p type for LPG, with a very fast response time of ∼4 s for all gases. The recovery time for ethanol was achieved at 20−25 s, while for LPG and ammonia, it was ∼60 s. Moreover, the negative and positive activation energies also confirm the switching behavior in the novel Ag/BTO/TiO 2 nanocomposite.

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“…The dielectric study of Si NWs was performed in air atmosphere. The dielectric permittivity was calculated by the following formula (Pawar et al, 2021):…”

Section: Dielectric Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of synthesized doped vertical silicon nanowire arrays for effective sensing of nitrogen dioxide: As gas sensors

et al. 2022

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In the present study, the controllable fabrication of silicon nanowires (Si NWs) with vertical alignment was accomplished using metal assisted chemical etching (MACE). The different characteristics, such as structural, morphological, chemical, optical, and dielectric properties were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and LCR [inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R)] meter (volume of the gas-sensing chamber is 650 mm3). It was revealed from the morphological study i.e., from the FESEM that p-type Si NWs are smaller in size than n-type Si NWs which is attributable to the energy band gap. The optical band gap (Eg) is observed to increase from 1.64 to 1.89 eV with the decreasing of the crystallite size and the optical reflection spectra of the Si NWs show a shift toward a lower wavelength (blue shift). Moreover, Raman spectra verified the red-shifted, asymmetrically broadened Raman line-shapes, which provides information about the size confinement effect in Si NWs. The MACE approach is excellent for synthesizing nanowire structures for use in gas-sensing applications due to its flexibility. The sensitivity of synthesized Si NWs was tested for NO2 gas. The sensor method is unique based on the testing of the device in the presence of a test gas because the use of the gas-sensing setup has the potential to measure the change in resistance by varying frequency, temperature, and time.

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Role of calcination on dielectric properties of BaTiO3 nanoparticles as a gas sensor

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Selectivity of an Ag/BTO-Based Nanocomposite as a Gas Sensor Between NO₂ and SO₂ Gases

Selectivity of an Ag/BTO-Based Nanocomposite as a Gas Sensor Between NO₂ and SO₂ Gases

p-/n-Type Switching in the Ag/BTO/TiO₂ Nanocomposite as a Gas Sensor toward Ethanol, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and Ammonia

Analysis of synthesized doped vertical silicon nanowire arrays for effective sensing of nitrogen dioxide: As gas sensors

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Role of calcination on dielectric properties of BaTiO3 nanoparticles as a gas sensor

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Selectivity of an Ag/BTO-Based Nanocomposite as a Gas Sensor Between NO2 and SO2 Gases

Selectivity of an Ag/BTO-Based Nanocomposite as a Gas Sensor Between NO2 and SO2 Gases

p-/n-Type Switching in the Ag/BTO/TiO2 Nanocomposite as a Gas Sensor toward Ethanol, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and Ammonia

Analysis of synthesized doped vertical silicon nanowire arrays for effective sensing of nitrogen dioxide: As gas sensors

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Product

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Selectivity of an Ag/BTO-Based Nanocomposite as a Gas Sensor Between NO₂ and SO₂ Gases

Selectivity of an Ag/BTO-Based Nanocomposite as a Gas Sensor Between NO₂ and SO₂ Gases

p-/n-Type Switching in the Ag/BTO/TiO₂ Nanocomposite as a Gas Sensor toward Ethanol, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and Ammonia