Role of Brassinosteroids in plants responses to salinity stress: A review

Abstract

Brassinosteroid emerges as an essential phytohormone that helps the plant to maintain plant growth and development. It also helps the plants grow well under adverse conditions along with normal conditions. In this review article, we have discussed the functional role of brassinosteroid (BRS) in plants under salinity stress conditions. Salinity stress is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses which adversely affect plant growth by disturbing their metabolic pathway. This article also comprises the occurrence, structure and signalling pathway of the brassinosteroid. Application of brassinosteroid improves the plant status under salinity by enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activity in plants. Moreover, we also reported the different growth parameters enhanced by brassinosteroid application in plants under salinity. BRSs also maintain plant growth through the regulation of expression of various genes whose products are involved in various biochemical and physiological processes. This review is based on the various aspects in much detail which are required to understand the proper mechanism of BRS, such as i) the role of BRS signaling pathways in providing tolerance to the plants, ii) changes due to the presence or absence of BRS in plants under stress conditions, iii) BRSs application on the regulation of different genes and transcriptional factor, iv) regulation in ion homeostasis, v) reduction of oxidative stress via different mechanisms under salinity stress. However, a lot of knowledge is required to understand the role of BRS in alleviating salinity stress and needs future research work on BRS with its different derivatives in the alleviation of salt stress.

Toward Enhanced Plant Immunity: Unveiling the Role of Brassinosteroids in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Response

“…Brassinosteroids (BRs) exert a significant influence on the expression of genes associated with plant defense against both biotic and abiotic stresses [3,6,70,[94][95][96][97]. Here, we delve into the mechanisms underlying this regulation: Gene Responses to Stresses: Genes modulated by BR respond to diverse stressors, encompassing those encoding antioxidant enzymes, anti-inflammatory proteins, signal receptors, and other factors implicated in plant defense [45,[98][99][100].…”

“…These adaptive responses encompass a wide range of strategies, from morphological adaptations to alterations in gene expression, underscoring the complexity of plant responses to salinity stress. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies in plant breeding and genetic engineering to enhance salt tolerance in crops [95][96].…”

Brassinolides’ Function and Involvement in Salt Stress Response : A Review

“…, and nutrient deprivation all play a role in how plants respond to salt stress, as salt ions such as Na+ directly interact with or hinder the uptake and transport of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the cell membrane. Furthermore, salt stress can disrupt the structure of the cell membrane, causing a drop in photosynthetic rate, an increase in energy consumption, and a decrease in ion channel activity and channel regulation [9]. The global loss of agricultural output due to salinity is greater than any other abiotic stress.…”

Exogenous application of biostimulators alleviates water deficient stress on Azadirachta indica plants

“…The positive effect of BRs in increase the pigments content may be due to application of BRs increases the photosynthetic rate of plants by increasing the RuBisCo activity and other main enzymes included in the Calvin cycle, BRs also enhance the uptake of CO 2 which increase the stomatal conductance (Vikram et al, 2022).…”