Role of borate frit as co-flux in tile bodies

Abstract

Hwang 5 showed that addition of B 2 O 3 promoted the formation of a-cordierite. Misirli et al. 6 prepared porous Borate frit was added to a ceramic composition in alumina bodies of reasonable strength (245 MPa) suitable proportions between 3 and 10% (equivalent to for ceramic lters and ceramic-metal composites by adding 1-2%B 2 O 3 ) as a partial substitute for feldspar. Fuming between 0•5 and 1•5 wt-% B 2 O 3 to a-alumina. They showed silica, soda feldspar, and local bene ciated clay from that aluminium borate was completely formed at 1000°C, the Red Sea were the other components of the mix. with brous grain growth between 1000 and 1100°C. Zinc Mixes were fast red at temperatures between 1100 borates have also been used as a ux in porcelain bodies and 1250°C. T he addition of borate frit hindered the substituting for feldspars. Wala and Rosiek 7 found that the rate of dissolution of feldspar at temperatures up to ring temperature was lowered by 200°C and that the 1175°C, entering the structure of the mullite to form a density, exural strength, and thermal shock resistance of borate-mullite solid solution at 1200°C. T his phase the bodies were improved. Orlova et al. 8 showed that the occurs in 'swamps' of very ne acicular networks which sintering temperature and mechanical properties of alumina raise the modulus of rupture of the investigated mixes. porcelain bodies were reduced on adding 1 wt-% B 2 O 3 to Addition of 5% f rit (equivalent to 1-1•1%B 2 O 3 ) the batch composition. They attributed this to the presence improved the modulus of rupture without aVecting other of B 2 O 3 in the glassy phase, which enhanced crystallisation properties. Higher additions shortened the maturing and grain growth of the corundum to a grain size of range. BCT /491 20-40 mm. With the expansion in the construction of tile plants in T he authors are in the Department of Ceramics, Egypt, disposal of the sludge has become a problem requir-National Research Centre, T ahrir Street, 12622 Dokki, ing a solution. The tendency is to recycle sludge from such Giza, Egypt

The effect of boron waste in phase and microstructural development of a terracotta body during firing

“…1,2 According to the relevant literature, there are various studies involving employment of borates and borax wastes in ceramic and cement industry. 3 Recently, coal combustion fly ash and sanitaryware waste have been employed in an attempt to develop an experimental terracotta floor tile body. As a result, it has been demonstrated that both wastes helped the vitrification of the body at lower firing temperatures.…”

Investigation of borax waste behaviour in tile production

“…This plant consist of concentration and crystallization units and produce 800 000 tonnes concentrated tincal, 480 000 tonnes pentahydrate, 17 000 tonnes decahydrate and 60 000 tonnes anhydrite borax/year. [3][4][5][6] Continuous accumulation of industrial waste, increasing environmental regulations, awareness and also depletion of natural resources have led to growing recognition of the need for extraction and manufacturing companies to seek for their waste management instead of establish routes such as landfill. Problems in the final disposal of waste, in particular, the public opposition of landfill facilities for waste is beginning to become a bottleneck to industrial activities.…”

Development of a multipurpose tile body: Phase and microstructural development

“…According to available studies in the literature, it is the current trend to employ flux-forming additives, both natural (feldspars, nepheline syenite, zeolites, spodumene, etc.) [8][9][10][11][12] and synthetic (including industrial wastes such as waste glass and fly ash) in order to reduce the peak firing temperature and soaking time of triaxial whiteware bodies and thereby reducing the cost of energy without compromising productivity and product quality. [13][14][15][16][17] These additives may, however, produce a rapid rise in the amount of liquid phase in a short time-temperature interval during sintering, thus providing a narrow firing range and a risk of pyroplastic deformation to the ware unless a careful control of formulations is achieved.…”