Role of biological rhythms in gastrointestinal health and disease

Hoogerwerf, Willemijntje A.

doi:10.1007/s11154-009-9119-3

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…For example, mutations in the clock gene clock have been associated with the development of the metabolic syndrome in mice (24). However, knowledge of the role of clock genes in human health and disease remains limited (10). The only human clock gene mutation known to cause a specific disease is that of a per2 mutation associated with advanced sleep phase syndrome (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhythmic changes in colonic motility are regulated by period genes

Hoogerwerf

Shahinian

Cornélissen

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Hoogerwerf WA, Shahinian VB, Cornélissen G, Halberg F, Bostwick J, Timm J, Bartell PA, Cassone VM. Rhythmic changes in colonic motility are regulated by period genes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 298: G143-G150, 2010. First published November 19, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00402.2009.-Human bowel movements usually occur during the day and seldom during the night, suggesting a role for a biological clock in the regulation of colonic motility. Research has unveiled molecular and physiological mechanisms for biological clock function in the brain; less is known about peripheral rhythmicity. This study aimed to determine whether clock genes such as period 1 (per1) and period2 (per2) modulate rhythmic changes in colonic motility. Organ bath studies, intracolonic pressure measurements, and stool studies were used to examine measures of colonic motility in wild-type and per1per2 double-knockout mice. To further examine the mechanism underlying rhythmic changes in circular muscle contractility, additional studies were completed in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) knockout mice. Intracolonic pressure changes and stool output in vivo, and colonic circular muscle contractility ex vivo, are rhythmic with greatest activity at the start of night in nocturnal wild-type mice. In contrast, rhythmicity in these measures was absent in per1per2 double-knockout mice. Rhythmicity was also abolished in colonic circular muscle contractility of wild-type mice in the presence of N -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and in nNOS knockout mice. These findings suggest that rhythms in colonic motility are regulated by both clock genes and a nNOS-mediated inhibitory process and suggest a connection between these two mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhythmic changes in colonic motility are regulated by period genes

Hoogerwerf

Shahinian

Cornélissen

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…The nature of the signals and mechanism of the clock entrainment have not been recognized. The clock appears to be important for colonic physiological functions because disruption of the colonic clock or its poor synchrony with the LD regime and feeding cycle results in a situation in which the clock genes cannot temporally regulate the expression of physiologically relevant genes, which likely leads to defects in colonic function (6,28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development and entrainment of the colonic circadian clock during ontogenesis

Polidarová

Olejníková

Paušlyová

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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-Colonic morphology and function change significantly during ontogenesis. In mammals, many colonic physiological functions are temporally controlled by the circadian clock in the colon, which is entrained by the central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The aim of this present study was to ascertain when and how the circadian clock in the colon develops during the perinatal period and whether maternal cues and/or the developing pup SCN may influence the ontogenesis of the colonic clock. Daily profiles of clock genes Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2, Reverb␣, Bmal1, and Clock expression in the colon underwent significant modifications since embryonic day 20 (E20) through postnatal days (P) 2, 10, 20, and 30 via changes in the mutual phasing among the individual clock gene expression rhythms, their relative phasing to the light-dark regime, and their amplitudes. An adult-like state was achieved around P20. The foster study revealed that during the prenatal period, the maternal circadian phase may partially modulate development of the colonic clock. Postnatally, the absence and/or presence of rhythmic maternal care affected the phasing of the clock gene expression profiles in pups at P10 and P20. A reversal in the colonic clock phase between P10 and P20 occurred in the absence of rhythmic signals from the pup SCN. The data demonstrate ontogenetic maturation of the colonic clock and stress the importance of prenatal and postnatal maternal rhythmic signals for its development. These data may contribute to the understanding of colonic function-related diseases in newborn children. colon; circadian clock; clock gene; ontogenesis; circadian entrainment THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT begins functioning immediately after birth with demands to digest, absorb, and secrete water, electrolytes, and nutrients. Concurrently, the gastrointestinal tract also provides a selective barrier against the noxious environment of the gut lumen, which is continuously exposed to a variety of commensal and pathogenic microbes and antigens. During ontogenesis, the gut morphology and function undergo major modifications, which are already apparent during the prenatal period and continue during early postnatal development until weaning (for review, see Ref. 15). The primitive gut tube is established early prenatally, which coincides with the development of the enteric nervous system (3). After the gut tube is fully formed, the epithelium, mesenchyme, and lumen undergo expansion followed by epithelium reorganization. During that period, villi are formed in a rostrocaudal wave along the entire intestinal tract. Later, the spaces between the epithelial folds become populated by cells that represent proliferating compartments of the crypts (11). In rodents, colonic crypts are formed only after birth, and their morphological architecture further develops postnatally. Early postnatally, the immature colon is capable of transporting nutrients, such as carbohydrates and amino acids (1, 18), but this ability rapidly disappears with age. In rats, th...

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“…These findings indicate that the transporters and channels operating in NaCl absorption undergo diurnal regulation and suggest a role of an intestinal clock in the coordination of colonic NaCl absorption. rhythm; intestinal transport; transporters; channels VARIOUS FUNCTIONS OF THE INTESTINE such as motility, epithelial cell proliferation, digestion, and transport exhibit diurnal activities (9,13,30). Several transporters involved in absorption of carbohydrates and small peptides exhibit robust circadian fluctuations that seem to be regulated by two pathways.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VARIOUS FUNCTIONS OF THE INTESTINE such as motility, epithelial cell proliferation, digestion, and transport exhibit diurnal activities (9,13,30). Several transporters involved in absorption of carbohydrates and small peptides exhibit robust circadian fluctuations that seem to be regulated by two pathways.…”

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confidence: 99%

Circadian regulation of electrolyte absorption in the rat colon

Soták

Polidarová

Musı́lková

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Soták M, Polidarová L, Musílková J, Hock M, Sumová A, Pácha J. Circadian regulation of electrolyte absorption in the rat colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 301: G1066-G1074, 2011. First published September 8, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00256.2011The intestinal transport of nutrients exhibits distinct diurnal rhythmicity, and the enterocytes harbor a circadian clock. However, temporal regulation of the genes involved in colonic ion transport, i.e., ion transporters and channels operating in absorption and secretion, remains poorly understood. To address this issue, we assessed the 24-h profiles of expression of genes encoding the sodium pump (subunits Atp1a1 and Atp1b1), channels (␣-, ␤-, and ␥-subunits of Enac and Cftr), transporters (Dra, Ae1, Nkcc1, Kcc1, and Nhe3), and the Na ϩ /H ϩ exchanger (NHE) regulatory factor (Nherf1) in rat colonic mucosa. Furthermore, we investigated temporal changes in the spatial localization of the clock genes Per1, Per2, and Bmal1 and the genes encoding ion transporters and channels along the crypt axis. In rats fed ad libitum, the expression of Atp1a1, ␥Enac, Dra, Ae1, Nhe3, and Nherf1 showed circadian variation with maximal expression at circadian time 12, i.e., at the beginning of the subjective night. The peak ␥Enac expression coincided with the rise in plasma aldosterone. Restricted feeding phase advanced the expression of Dra, Ae1, Nherf, and ␥Enac and decreased expression of Atp1a1. The genes Atp1b1, Cftr, ␣Enac, ␤Enac, Nkcc1, and Kcc1 did not show any diurnal variations in mRNA levels. A low-salt diet upregulated the expression of ␤Enac and ␥Enac during the subjective night but did not affect expression of ␣Enac. Similarly, colonic electrogenic Na ϩ transport was much higher during the subjective night than the subjective day. These findings indicate that the transporters and channels operating in NaCl absorption undergo diurnal regulation and suggest a role of an intestinal clock in the coordination of colonic NaCl absorption. rhythm; intestinal transport; transporters; channels VARIOUS FUNCTIONS OF THE INTESTINE such as motility, epithelial cell proliferation, digestion, and transport exhibit diurnal activities (9,13,30). Several transporters involved in absorption of carbohydrates and small peptides exhibit robust circadian fluctuations that seem to be regulated by two pathways. The first pathway involves food intake and is mediated by gut luminal signals, whereas the second one involves systemic entrainment pathways (21,22,35,40). In addition to nutrient absorption in the small intestine, the colonic absorption of some electrolytes and volatile fatty acids (5, 41, 42) and some intestinal secretory activity (4, 31, 32) exhibit diurnal rhythmicity.Functional circadian clocks operate in both the small (6, 23, 25) and large intestine (10,33,24). The molecular clock mechanism is based on interaction between transcription-based feedback loops. The transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1 drive the transcription of Per, Cry, Rev-erb␣, and Ror␣ clock genes by binding CLO...

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Role of biological rhythms in gastrointestinal health and disease

Cited by 76 publications

References 67 publications

Rhythmic changes in colonic motility are regulated by period genes

Rhythmic changes in colonic motility are regulated by period genes

Development and entrainment of the colonic circadian clock during ontogenesis

Circadian regulation of electrolyte absorption in the rat colon

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