Role of bacteria in health and disease of periodontal tissues

Feng, Zhihui; Weinberg, Aaron

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00148.x

Cited by 218 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 267 publications

(372 reference statements)

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“…Supragingival biofilms are typically constellated by Gram positive, facultative anaerobic and non-motile species, whereas subgingival biofilms are characterized by the dominance of Gram negative, anaerobic and motile species. Bacterial products released by the biofilms can cause an inflammatory response by the periodontal tissues, aiming to eliminate the bacterial challenge [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The RANKL–OPG system is differentially regulated by supragingival and subgingival biofilm supernatants

et al. 2011

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Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone. It is triggered by polymicrobial biofilms attaching on tooth surfaces, which can be supragingival or subgingival. Bone resorption is triggered by receptor activator of NF-B ligand (RANKL) and blocked by its soluble decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), which are cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families, respectively. The present study aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of the Zürich in vitro supragingival and subgingival biofilm models, on RANKL and OPG gene expression in primary human gingival fibroblasts (GF) cultures. The cells were challenged with biofilm culture supernatants for up-to 24h. RANKL and OPG gene expression in the cells was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and their relative RANKL/OPG ratio was calculated. Both biofilm supernatants induced RANKL expression, but the subgingival caused a more pronounced up-regulation compared to the supragingival (10-fold at 6h and 100-fold at 24h). Changes in OPG expression in response to either biofilm were more limited. Accordingly, the subgingival biofilm caused a greater enhancement of the relative RANKL/OPG ratio (4-fold at 6h and 110-fold 24h). In conclusion, subgingival biofilms exhibit a stronger potency for inducing molecular mechanisms of bone resorption than supragingival biofilms, in line with their higher virulence nature for the development of periodontitis. AbstractPeriodontitis is an inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth supporting tissues, including the alveolar bone. It is triggered by polymicrobial biofilms attaching on tooth surfaces, which can be supragingival or subgingival. Bone resorption is triggered by RANKL and blocked by its soluble decoy receptor OPG, which are cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families, respectively. The present study aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of the Zürich in vitro supragingival and subgingival biofilm models, on RANKL and OPG gene expression in primary human GF cultures. The cells were challenged with the biofilms for up-to 24 hours. RANKL and OPG gene expression in the cells was analysed by qPCR and their relative RANKL/OPG ratio was calculated. Both biofilms induced RANKL expression, but the subgingival caused a more pronounced up-regulation compared to the supragingival (10-fold at 6 h and 100-fold at 24 h). Changes in OPG expression in response to either biofilm were more limited. Accordingly, the subgingival biofilm caused a greater enhancement of the relative RANKL/OPG ratio (4-fold at 6 h and 110-fold 24 h). In conclusion, subgingival biofilms exhibit a stronger potency for inducing molecular mechanisms of bone resorption than supragingival biofilms, in line with their higher virulence nature for the development of periodontitis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The RANKL–OPG system is differentially regulated by supragingival and subgingival biofilm supernatants

et al. 2011

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“…Depending on the localization of the biofilm in relation to the gingival margin, this can be either "supragingival" or "subgingival". Biofilms or their released products can cause an inflammatory response by the periodontal tissues, aiming to eliminate this bacterial challenge [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral biofilm challenge regulates the RANKL-OPG system in periodontal ligament and dental pulp cells

Belibasakis

Meier

Guggenheim

et al. 2011

Microbial Pathogenesis

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“…Periodontal diseases represent one of the best-documented polymicrobial infections. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia are strongly implicated clinically as a pathogenic consortium in the etiology of adult periodontitis (Socransky et al, 1998;Feng and Weinberg, 2006). It is anticipated that a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in periodontitis may provide opportunities to more critically evaluate the role of different virulence factors involved in these mixed infections.…”

Section: Community Based Microbial Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiology: Past, Present and Future

Shi

2009

Int J Oral Sci

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Xue-song He, Wen-yuan Shi. Oral Microbiology: Past, Present and Future. International Journal of Oral Science, 1(2): 47-58, 2009Since the initial observations of oral bacteria within dental plaque by van Leeuwenhoek using his primitive microscopes in 1680, an event that is generally recognized as the advent of oral microbiological investigation, oral microbiology has gone through phases of "reductionism" and "holism". From the small beginnings of the Miller and Black period, in which microbiologists followed Koch's postulates, took the reductionist approach to try to study the complex oral microbial community by analyzing individual species; to the modern era when oral researchers embrace "holism" or "system thinking", adopt new concepts such as interspecies interaction, microbial community, biofilms, poly-microbial diseases, oral microbiological knowledge has burgeoned and our ability to identify the resident organisms in dental plaque and decipher the interactions between key components has rapidly increased, such knowledge has greatly changed our view of the oral microbial flora, provided invaluable insight into the etiology of dental and periodontal diseases, opened the door to new approaches and techniques for developing new therapeutic and preventive tools for combating oral polymicrobial diseases.

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Role of bacteria in health and disease of periodontal tissues

Cited by 218 publications

References 267 publications

The RANKL–OPG system is differentially regulated by supragingival and subgingival biofilm supernatants

The RANKL–OPG system is differentially regulated by supragingival and subgingival biofilm supernatants

Oral biofilm challenge regulates the RANKL-OPG system in periodontal ligament and dental pulp cells

Oral Microbiology: Past, Present and Future

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