Role of Autologous Platelet Gel (APG) in Bone Healing: A Rabbit Study

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence and efficacy of autologous platelets on bone regeneration in a rabbit defects model. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 critical size tibial defects were produced in six New Zealand rabbits: A total of six defects were filled with autologous platelet gel (APG) and six defects were maintained as untreated controls. No membranes were used to cover the bone osteotomies. The histology and histomorphometry were performed at four weeks on retrieved samples of both groups. Results: No complications were reported in any of the animals nor for the defects produced. A significantly higher lamellar and woven bone percentage was reported for the APG group with a lower level of marrow spaces (p < 0.05). Evidence of newly formed bone was found in the superficial portion of the bone defect of APG samples where no aspects of bone resorption were observed. Conclusions: The evidence of the present research revealed that APG increases new bone formation restricted to the cortical portion and induces more rapid healing in rabbit bone defects than in untreated defects.

Autologous Platelet Gel (APG): A Preliminary Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties after Activation with Autologous Thrombin and Calcium Chloride

“…Different studies have reported that the APG clots form a dense fibrin structure, with many ramifications and little spacing observed, especially where platelets are activated [ 53 , 54 ]. A justification of this could be that highly procoagulant cells, for example activated platelets, produce a contractile force among the adjacent filaments, tightening them between the anchoring points of the network [ 27 ]. The structural proteins and fibrin network can be scaffolded and can be influenced by the osteoprogenitor cells migrating towards the bone defect.…”

“…PC were originally introduced by Marx et al [ 20 ], Anitua [ 21 ], and Choukroun [ 22 ] in the early 1990s and their applications are increasing in many medical fields, such as esthetic medicine [ 23 ], orthopedics [ 24 ], wound repair, military drill [ 25 ], ophthalmology [ 26 ] and, of course, in dentistry. PC have been proposed for soft and hard tissue surgery in many different forms as clots reduce in thick membranes to improve the healing of the damaged tissues and the mechanical/ biological behavior of biomaterials and scaffolds [ 26 , 27 ].…”

“…The effectiveness of PC used in various medical fields is mainly determined by the chemical and mechanical properties and the concentration of growth factors [ 31 , 32 ]. Autologous platelet gel has been used for soft tissue augmentation [ 33 ] and to promote bone healing [ 27 ].…”

Acceleration Techniques for Teeth Movements in Extractive Orthodontic Therapy

“…The motion was assessed using digital model superposition at T0, T1 (30 days), and T3 (60 days). Movement occurred 35% more on the PRP than on the C Side, altering the OPG and sRANKL levels in GCF [27,83].…”

Innovative Concepts and Recent Breakthrough for Engineered Graft and Constructs for Bone Regeneration: A Literature Systematic Review

“…The information and data obtained are all in agreement in confirming the immuno-modulating and regenerative properties of SCs with evident improvements in anti-inflammatory, osteogenic and angiogenic activity. Part of this effect is surely due to the intrinsic ability of stem cells to secrete anti-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines and growth factors, such as IL-10 and TGF-beta [ 297 , 298 , 299 , 300 ]. Peripheral blood has shown some advantages over other solutions for everything related to the use of PB-SCs for clinical purposes in vivo.…”