Role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary emphysema

Nucera, Francesco; Hansbro, Phil; Casolaro, Vincenzo; Appanna, Ramapraba; Kirkham, Paul; Adcock, Ian M.; Caramori, Gaetano

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85415-3.00003-9

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…These molecules promote inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage, which in turn collectively orchestrate the development of COPD [ 84 , 85 ]. The chemicals contained in CS are known to interfere with many different signalling pathways in cells of the lung parenchyma, activating DNA damage responses, inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy, ultimately leading to increased cellular senescence, cell death, or cancerous transformation [ 86 , 87 , 88 ]. CS induces a pro-inflammatory state by (i) activating pathways that lead to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as IL-8 [ 89 ], IL-1α [ 11 ], IL-1β [ 90 ], and GDF-15 [ 15 ]; and (ii) inactivating pathways that lead to the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as IL-10 [ 16 ], IL-18BP [ 19 ], GH [ 21 ], and VDBP [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agarwood Oil Nanoemulsion Attenuates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Markers in BCi-NS1.1 Airway Epithelial Cells

et al. 2023

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible inflammatory respiratory disease characterized by frequent exacerbations and symptoms such as cough and wheezing that lead to irreversible airway damage and hyperresponsiveness. The primary risk factor for COPD is chronic cigarette smoke exposure, which promotes oxidative stress and a general pro-inflammatory condition by stimulating pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory pathways and, simultaneously, inactivating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant detoxification pathways. These events cause progressive damage resulting in impaired cell function and disease progression. Treatments available for COPD are generally aimed at reducing the symptoms of exacerbation. Failure to regulate oxidative stress and inflammation results in lung damage. In the quest for innovative treatment strategies, phytochemicals, and complex plant extracts such as agarwood essential oil are promising sources of molecules with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, their clinical use is limited by issues such as low solubility and poor pharmacokinetic properties. These can be overcome by encapsulating the therapeutic molecules using advanced drug delivery systems such as polymeric nanosystems and nanoemulsions. In this study, agarwood oil nanoemulsion (agarwood-NE) was formulated and tested for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated BCi-NS1.1 airway basal epithelial cells. The findings suggest successful counteractivity of agarwood-NE against CSE-mediated pro-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, and GDF-15. In addition, agarwood-NE induced the expression of the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-10, IL-18BP, TFF3, GH, VDBP, relaxin-2, IFN-γ, and PDGF. Furthermore, agarwood-NE also induced the expression of antioxidant genes such as GCLC and GSTP1, simultaneously activating the PI3K pro-survival signalling pathway. This study provides proof of the dual anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of agarwood-NE, highlighting its enormous potential for COPD treatment.

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