Role of antioxidants and oxidative stress in the evolution of acute pancreatitis (Review)

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe disease with a high prevalence and 3 to 15% mortality worldwide, which can represent an important challenge for the physician. Oxidative stress and antioxidants are involved in AP progression. The mechanisms responsible for the onset and progression of AP are still poorly understood. Previous studies have highlighted the important contribution of antioxidants and oxidative stress in AP. The existence of a relationship between oxidative stress and antioxidants in AP is unquestionable, although a more accurate understanding of the mechanistic pathways involved is required to create a solid basis for potential prevention or treatment strategies. Further investigation is needed to clarify the role of antioxidant status and the severity of AP and to determine the association between oxidative stress and pancreatic enzyme activities. Antioxidant therapy may represent an interesting option for the management of patients with AP, although additional information about the effectiveness of this potential treatment is required. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Methods 3. Antioxidants and oxidative stress 4. Conclusions

OGG1 Inhibition Reduces Acinar Cell Injury in a Mouse Model of Acute Pancreatitis

“…Several studies have also implicated oxidative stress in the pathomechanism of acute pancreatitis. On the one hand, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation have been reported in AP [ 32 , 33 ], while on the other hand antioxidant interventions often proved beneficial in animal models of AP [ 8 , 22 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Nonetheless, none of these interventions could be or have been efficiently translated to human AP.…”

“…The known critical events include early activation of trypsinogen, disturbances of ductal bicarbonate and fluid secretion, activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), early acinar mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Overproduction of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively), insufficient antioxidant defense and consequential oxidative tissue injury have often been observed in AP [ 8 ]. Oxidative stress causes protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and it also targets DNA causing single strand breaks and guanine oxidation (7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) formation).…”

Importance of Polymorphisms in the Gene of Paraoxonase-1 (SNP rs662) and Apolipoprotein A-I (SNP rs670 and rs5069) in Non-Smoking and Smoking Healthy Subjects and Patients with Acute Pancreatitis

“…Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe illness representing an important challenge for physicians; it is responsible for ~3% mortality for AP cases with interstitial (oedematous) type and 30–40% among hospitalized patients with pancreatitis and organ failure or pancreatic necrosis [ 1 , 2 ]. According to the data reported in 2022, it has an incidence of 4.6–100/100,000 persons in Europe and is increasing over time [ 1 , 2 ]. The main aetiologies of acute pancreatitis are gallstones, pancreatic ischemia, or excessive consumption of alcohol [ 2 ].…”

“…Other notable causes are metabolic (hypercalcemia, hypertriglyceridemia), drug-induced, post–endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, autoimmune, infectious, trauma, congenital, genetic, and idiopathic [ 2 ]. The activation of inflammatory cytokines and pancreatic proteases is considered a major pathophysiologic process in AP [ 1 ]. The AP occurrence is a result of an intense inflammatory response as a consequence of the imbalance between anti-inflammatory mechanisms and pro-inflammatory mediators [ 1 ].…”

“…The activation of inflammatory cytokines and pancreatic proteases is considered a major pathophysiologic process in AP [ 1 ]. The AP occurrence is a result of an intense inflammatory response as a consequence of the imbalance between anti-inflammatory mechanisms and pro-inflammatory mediators [ 1 ]. It was reported that free radicals play a significant role in the initiation of inflammation of the pancreas with poor antioxidant status [ 1 ].…”