Role of alkali metal oxide type on the degradation and in vivo biocompatibility of soda‐lime‐borate bioactive glass

Abstract

In this work, it is the first time to study the effect of replacing of Na2O by a fixed amount of Li2O or K2O in soda‐lime‐borate glass on its in vivo biocompatibility. The glass composition was based on xM2O‐20x Na2O20 CaO60 B2O3, (wt %), where, M2OLi2O and K2O, and consequently, samples encoded BN100, BK50, and BL50. The degradation test was carried out in 0.25 M K2HPO4 solution. The in vivo test was performed in the femoral bone defect of Sprague–Dawley adult male rat. Following up bone formation was conducted by the histological analyses and bone formation markers (alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and osteocalcin [OCN]). Furthermore, the glass effect on the liver and kidney functions was addressed in this study using (alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST]) and (urea and creatinine), respectively. The results of the degradation test showed that the glass dissolution rate was increased by incorporating of K2O, and its ion release was occurred by a diffusion‐controlled process. Moreover, in vivo bioactivity test showed that serum activity of ALP, OCN level, and the newly formed bone was higher in BL50‐implanted group than that of BN100 andBK50at 3 w and 6 w post‐surgery. As well as, implantation of all glass samples in the femoral bone defect did not alter the liver and kidney functions. In conclusion, the synthesized borate glass was well served as a controlled delivery system for Li+ ion release, which enhanced bone formation as shown from the bone formation markers (ALP and OCN).

Deciphering the structure and potassium-ion transport mechanism of potassium borate glass

“…13 In terms of bioactive amorphous materials, the addition of K 2 O enhances ion diffusion rates to promote bone formation. 14 The abnormal properties of potassium borate glass depend on its structure, and the diversity of structural units and the variability of K-O and B-O coordination numbers bring challenges to its structural analysis.…”

A review on borate bioactive glasses (BBG): effect of doping elements, degradation, and applications

“…[35][36][37][38][39][40] Furthermore, the body's faster transition of the BG to HAP is considered beneficial because the implant material can be removed entirely by the body system more quicker. 41 In addition to replacing SiO 2 with B 2 O 3 , factors such as BG particle size of different diameters 42,43 and incorporation of active ions such as copper, 43,44 Aluminium, 45 strontium, 46 sodium, 47 zinc, 48 magnesium, 49 lithium, 50 etc. into the BG system contribute to decreased chemical durability and ion release.…”