Role of Age and Education on Attitude and Habits of People in Katchi Abadis to Adopt Water Conservation Practices: A Gender-Based Difference

Abstract

The focal point of this study is to see the impact of age and education on the attitude and habits of men and women in katchi Abadis towards water conservation in Lahore. Two squatter settlements were selected to make a comparison of water conservation attitudes and habits. For this purpose, a sample of 200 men and women was selected conveniently from both katchi Abadis. The Water Conserving Behaviour Scale and Water Conserving Habit Scale (Dolnicar et al., 2012) and the Scale of Household Water Conservation (Sathaporyajana, 2008) were employed in this study to collect data. Data were analyzed by using the t-test and ANOVA. The findings of the study indicate a significant difference between water-conserving attitude and age, the result also shows a significant interaction effect of residential type and education on water saving attitude. Moreover, findings also emphasized the need to design policies/plans to sensitize the public about water conservation and unnecessary water use and how to make it sustainable for future generations by tailoring the water-saving attitude and habits of households.

Domestic Water Conservation in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria: Perceptions and Practices

“…The results of this study are similar to the outcome of the study conducted by Fielding et al (2012). A contrary finding was made by Onyenankeya et al (2019) and Gregory & Di Leo (2003) cited in Malik et al (2021), as education level was identified as a factor that influenced water conservation behaviours. In Onyenankeya et al's (2019) study of peri-urban households in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, households with higher education have greater levels of domestic water conservation practices.…”

“…A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test result of respondents' conservation practices is shown in Table 8. by earlier scholars such as (Ramsey et al, 2017;Onyenankeya, et al, 2019;Malik et al, 2021); although in Kwakwa et al's (2023) study, age was identified as one of the drivers of water conservation practices. In traditional settings, younger members of households are responsible for chores, some of which could be connected to water use, thus, a high level of domestic water conservation practices amongst them could have a greater impact on the overall water conservation in homes.…”

“…The finding made in this study runs contrary to what is established by Diakite et al (2020), where gender was a demographic characteristic that impacted water conservation, as women were found to have greater levels of water conservation practices. But in Malik et al (2021) men were observed to have a higher level of water conservation practices. According to Garcetti and Kevany (2013) cited in Diakite et al (2020), women and girls feel the impact of water scarcity more (particularly in rural areas), as they are usually saddled with the responsibility of collecting and transporting water in such situations, the outcome of this study which shows that there are insignificant differences in the level of domestic water conservation practices by the male and female respondents does imply that conservation practices bear equal importance to both genders.…”

The gender difference in behaviour and intentions of households toward water saving practices in Katchi Abadis of Lahore, Pakistan

“…Parallel to technical strategies, it is essential to change the extravaganza human behaviour about water. It is a common observation that people are extravaganza in their water use and wasted it on impractical practices like using clean water to wash cars, courtyards, watered plants, and clean roads (Malik et al, 2021). Water resources sustainability and conservation are crucial to controlling the water scarcity in the world today.…”