Role of Adipose Tissue Derived Exosomes in Metabolic Disease

Mei, Ruiyan; Qin, Weiwei; Zheng, Yanhua; Wan, Zhuo; Liu, Li

doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.873865

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Numerous studies show that the communication between the adipocyte and other types of cells is maintained partially through the secretion of exosomes containing distinct biomolecules [ 25 ]. Given the universality and particularity of adipose-secreted exosome cargoes, it was classified into two categories.…”

Section: Composition Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose-Secreted Exosomes and Their Pathophysiologic Effects on Skeletal Muscle

Yue

Wang

Cai

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Due to its prominent secretory activity, adipose tissue (AT) is now considered a major player in the crosstalk between organs, especially with skeletal muscle. In which, exosomes are effective carriers for the intercellular material transfer of a wide range of molecules that can influence a series of physiological and pathological processes in recipient cells. Considering their underlying roles, the regulatory mechanisms of adipose-secreted exosomes and their cellular crosstalk with skeletal muscle have received great attention in the field. In this review, we describe what is currently known of adipose-secreted exosomes, as well as their applications in skeletal muscle pathophysiology.

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Section: Composition Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose-Secreted Exosomes and Their Pathophysiologic Effects on Skeletal Muscle

Yue

Wang

Cai

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Recently, exosomes have been recognized as a potential biomarker and therapeutic tool that may be helpful in many metabolic diseases, including obesity and insulin resistance. 5 Exosomes are endosome-derived extracellular vesicles 30 to 150 nm in diameter, rich in lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, surrounded by a lipid bilayer that can be transferred from the donating cell to target cells. 6 Because of the transport of exosomal cargo from one cell to another, they thought to be involved in the promotion/inhibition of various diseases.…”

Section: Common Physiological Pathway Of Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes as Crucial Player in Insulin Resistance and Obesity: Potential Therapeutic Approach

Sood¹,

Devi²,

Singh³

et al. 2022

IJPQA

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Increasing obesity has become a serious health problem worldwide in recent years, both in adults and children. Obesity can lead to numerous diseases such as osteoarthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and other metabolic disorders. In addition, obesity is considered one of the most common causes of insulin resistance in the body. Moreover, obesity disrupts normal insulin physiology, resulting in impaired insulin signaling and other intrinsic abnormalities such as poor glucose movement, phosphorylation, and decreased glucose oxidation and glycogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective treatment for such conditions. Recently, exosomal therapy has been proposed as one of the alternative approaches to treat metabolic diseases. Exosomes are endosome-derived extracellular vesicles that circulate in body fluids such as mucus, blood plasma, urea, etc., transfer molecules and signals from one cell to another, and thus are involved in various normal and pathological processes in the human body. It has been discovered that exosomes play a role in processes related to obesity, such as adipocyte differentiation, angiogenesis, inflammation, etc. The current study reviewed exosomes’ role in the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and possible targets.

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“…Exosomes are the widely studied major EV type secreted from several tissue types, including the pancreas, adipose tissue, liver, immunocytes and skeletal muscles (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). In β-cell derived EVs, the cargo was found to be altered in the case of T2D, thus, modulating insulin signaling and influencing disease development (32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization and function of multivesicular-bodies that release exosomes in islet cells: dysregulation during type-2 diabetes

Veerabhadraswamy

Belekar

Kothegala

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by high blood glucose due to compromised insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. Beta-cells primarily comprise insulin-secreting large-dense-core-vesicles/insulin-secretory-granules (ISGs) and also multivesicular-bodies (MVBs). MVBs are vesicles of endosomal origin containing intraluminal vesicles, which upon fusion with the plasma membrane, secrete exosomes. These play a significant role in the physiology and pathology of T2D via intercellular communication. The role of MVBs and their influence on ISGs of beta-cells or their characterization is yet to be uncovered. In our study, we characterized the role of MVBs by comparing them to largely well-characterized ISGs in beta-cells. We compared the density, localization, and exocytosis of MVBs with ISGs in beta-cells. For this, we developed a novel probe where we exploit the efficiency of tetraspanins CD63 and CD151 to label the MVBs in beta-cells. We showed that the beta-cells have a significantly higher density of ISGs than MVBs. MVBs and ISGs are spatially localized apart within beta-cells. The proteins that localize with MVBs are different from the ones that localize with ISGs. Exocytosis of ISGs occurs at the periphery of the beta-cells and takes significantly lesser time when compared to exosome release, which is non-peripheral and takes a longer duration. Further, we also observed a significant reduction in the density of ISGs and MVBs in T2D patients' islets compared to healthy controls. Studying the effect of MVBs on insulin secretion in physiological and T2D conditions has huge potential. This study provides a strong basis to open new avenues for such future studies.

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Role of Adipose Tissue Derived Exosomes in Metabolic Disease

Cited by 27 publications

References 131 publications

Adipose-Secreted Exosomes and Their Pathophysiologic Effects on Skeletal Muscle

Adipose-Secreted Exosomes and Their Pathophysiologic Effects on Skeletal Muscle

Exosomes as Crucial Player in Insulin Resistance and Obesity: Potential Therapeutic Approach

Localization and function of multivesicular-bodies that release exosomes in islet cells: dysregulation during type-2 diabetes

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