Role of a large plasmid of Salmonella typhi encoding multiple drug resistance

Karmaker, Shyamali; Biswas, Debabrata; Shaikh, N. M.; Chatterjee, S.; Kataria, Vandana; Kumar, Rakesh

doi:10.1099/00222615-34-3-149

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…After the MDR typhoid fever epidemic occurred in Mexico during 1972 (31), large autotransferable resistance plasmids harbored by MDR serovar Typhi strains have been isolated worldwide, mainly in developing countries where typhoid fever remains endemic: South America (13), Africa (1), the Middle East (33), southern Asia (2,17,19,23,40,48), and southeast Asia (20,21,36). Most of these plasmids but not all belonged to the H1 incompatibility group, but their molecular size varied between 73 and 192 MDa; the size could differ among plasmids obtained from the same epidemic and from one country to another but was stable during every outbreak; in particular, an estimated 140-MDa plasmid was harbored by nearly all the MDR isolates from southern Vietnam between 1993 and 1997 (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic, Epidemic Clone of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Harboring a Single Multidrug-Resistant Plasmid in Vietnam between 1995 and 2002

Lejay-Collin

Grimont

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, streptomycin, and cotrimoxazole, isolated from sporadic cases and minor outbreaks in Vietnam between 1995 and 2002, were typed and compared. Plasmid fingerprinting, Vi bacteriophage typing, XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and PstI ribotyping showed that endemic, epidemic multidrug-resistant typhoid fever was due, for at least 74.1% of the isolates, to one or two clones of serovar Typhi harboring a single resistance plasmid. PstI ribotyping was used as a basic technique to ensure that a serovar Typhi expansion was clonal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic, Epidemic Clone of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Harboring a Single Multidrug-Resistant Plasmid in Vietnam between 1995 and 2002

Lejay-Collin

Grimont

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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“…However, resistance may again develop if multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains are able to transfer their Rplasmids, encoding resistance determinants, to the strains sensitive to these drugs [30]. Table 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-emergence of susceptibility to conventionally used drugs among strains of Salmonella Typhi in central west India

Kumar

Sharma

Mani

2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a global health problem causing high morbidity and mortality, especially in endemic areas such as India. The problem is exacerbated as the causative agent, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), rapidly develops resistance to drugs used in treatment. However, non-responsiveness of S. Typhi to quinolones has been reported simultaneously with the re-emergence of susceptibility to chloramphenicol. The present study investigates the re-emergence of sensitivity to conventionally used drugs among strains of S. Typhi in the central west part of India. Methodology: We evaluated 128 S. Typhi isolates received at the National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre for chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim susceptibility using standard methods. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were also evaluated. Results: The proportion of S. Typhi isolates showing susceptibility to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim was 95.3%, 94.5%, and 94.5%, respectively. These findings may help the health authorities in reconsidering the addition of these antimicrobial drugs into the treatment regime of typhoid fever and therefore may help combat the problem of increasing resistance to quinolones and cephalosporins. Conclusion: The changing trends of S. Typhi resistance patterns necessitate reconsideration of conventionally used drugs in typhoid fever treatment in India. In the present study, S. Typhi strains exhibited increased susceptibility toward chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim, therefore suggesting the possibility of their use for treatment of typhoid fever.

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“…[7] E. coli, became resistant as a result of genetic mutations or acquisition of pre-existing genes that confer resistance which occur either in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the bacteria chromosomes or plasmids. [8,9] Thus antibiotic resistance can be disseminated to other bacteria by the plasmid during conjugation. [10] The rapid spread of antibiotics resistance genes in bacterial population is due to selective pressure resulting from the intensive and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in human therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of plasmid profile, antibiotic susceptibility pattern multiple antibiotic resistance index calculation of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from different human clinical specimens at tertiary care hospital in Bareilly-India

Christopher

Hora

Ali

2013

Ann Trop Med Public Health

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Background: Escherichia coli is well known as noninvasive commensal and has been established as etiological agent of various human infections. E. coli also contributes to high rate of resistance to several antibiotics due to multiresistant antibiotic plasmid genes e.g., extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). Material and Methods: To analyse the situation of antibiotic resistance, a total of 77 E.coli isolates from urine, pus, sputum and endotracheal aspirate were screened for their antibiograms for antibiotic resistance, multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index for evaluating the spread of resistance and plasmid profiles for the presence and characterization of plasmids. Results: Very high resistance level (> 90%) was detected against ampicillin, amoxycillin, ceftazidime, norfloxacin, tetracycline while imipenem and amikacin recorded the least resistance levels of 2.3% and 13.9%, respectively, among the isolates. An increased resistance to amoxycillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and norfloxacin were observed in this geographical area which however displayed a lower resistance in other countries. The MAR index varied considerably, the lowest was 0.18 and the highest was 0.89. Plasmids of 10 size ranges were detected in the isolates. Some isolates possessed single-sized plasmid while other possessed multiple plasmids. Isolates with high MAR profiles were found to possess multiple plasmids. Conclusion: Regular antimicrobial sensitivity surveillance is necessary and acquisition of plasmid could greatly contribute in the antibiotic resistance and poses a significant risk of the spread of microbial resistance in this community. Also, it was observed that route of administration of antibiotics perhaps reduced its misuse and hence led to the reduction in the emergence of resistant bacterial strains.

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Role of a large plasmid of Salmonella typhi encoding multiple drug resistance

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Endemic, Epidemic Clone of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Harboring a Single Multidrug-Resistant Plasmid in Vietnam between 1995 and 2002

Endemic, Epidemic Clone of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Harboring a Single Multidrug-Resistant Plasmid in Vietnam between 1995 and 2002

Re-emergence of susceptibility to conventionally used drugs among strains of Salmonella Typhi in central west India

Investigation of plasmid profile, antibiotic susceptibility pattern multiple antibiotic resistance index calculation of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from different human clinical specimens at tertiary care hospital in Bareilly-India

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