Role of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Chicken Embryo Osteogenesis, Adipogenesis, Myogenesis, and Vitamin D3 Metabolism

Chen, Chongxiao; White, Dima; Marshall, Brett; Kim, Woo Kyun

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.637629

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Our results show that Myf5 mRNA expression is significantly lower in 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treated cells than controls on day 1, possibly indicating a faster down regulation of early differentiation markers, which may suggest that cells are differentiating more quickly. These results are in agreement with previous work which found a decrease in Myf5 gene expression just 6 h post 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 injection in chick embryos ( Chen et al, 2021 ). In addition, work in C2C12 cells showed that both inactive [25(OH)D 3 ] and active VD treatment reduced Myf5 mRNA expression ( Girgis et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Active vitamin D increases myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells via a vitamin D response element on the myogenin promoter

Alliband,

Parr,

Jethwa

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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Background: Skeletal muscle development during embryogenesis depends on proliferation of myoblasts followed by differentiation into myotubes/multinucleated myofibers. Vitamin D (VD) has been shown to affect these processes, but there is conflicting evidence within the current literature on the exact nature of these effects due to a lack of time course data. With 20%–40% of pregnant women worldwide being VD deficient, it is crucial that a clearer understanding of the impact of VD on myogenesis is gained.Methods: A detailed 8-day differentiation time course was used where C2C12 cells were differentiated in control media (2% horse serum) or with different concentrations of active VD, 1,25 (OH)2D3 (10−13 M, 10−11 M, 10−9 M or 10−7 M), and measurements were taken at 6 time points. DNA, creatine kinase and protein assays were carried out as well as quantitative PCR to determine expression of Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, MHC I, and MHC neonatal, MHC embryonic, MHC IIa, MHC IIx, and MHC IIb mRNAs. Transfections were carried out using one vector containing the myogenin promoter and another containing the same promoter with a 3 base mutation within a putative vitamin D response element (VDRE) to determine effects of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on myogenin transcription. Finally, a ChIP assay was performed to determine whether the VD receptor (VDR) binds to the putative VDRE.Results: 1,25(OH)2D3 caused an inhibition of proliferation and an increase in differentiation in C2C12 cells. Myf5, myogenin, MHC I, and MHC neonatal, MHC embryonic, MHC IIa, MHC IIx, and MHC IIb expression were all increased by 1,25(OH)2D3. Myotube size was also increased by VD. When the putative VDRE on the myogenin promoter was mutated, the increase in expression by VD was lost. ChIP analysis revealed that the VDR does bind to the putative VDRE on the myogenin promoter.Conclusion: Active VD directly increases myogenin transcription via a functional VDRE on the myogenin promoter, resulting in increased myogenic differentiation, increased expression of both the early and late MHC isoforms, and also increased myotube size. These results highlight the importance of VD status during pregnancy for normal myogenesis to occur, but further in vivo work is needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Active vitamin D increases myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells via a vitamin D response element on the myogenin promoter

Alliband,

Parr,

Jethwa

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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“…The stability of housekeeping genes were confirmed by their consistent Ct values among the treatments (P > 0.1) 119 . BGLAP, RUNX2, SPP1, BMP2, and ALP were used as genetic markers of bone formation in the bone marrow 120 . NFKB, RANKL, FOS, ACP5, NFATC1, IL1B, TNF, SMAD1, and TNFRSF11B (OPG) 121 were used as the genetic markers for osteoclastic activity in the bone marrow.…”

Section: Real-time Quantitative Pcr Analysis Of Gene Expression In Bo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption drive bone loss in Eimeria infected broilers

Tompkins

Choi

Teng

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Coccidiosis is an economically significant disease in the global poultry industry, but little is known about the mechanisms of bone defects caused by coccidiosis; thus, the study focused on effects of coccidiosis on the bone homeostasis of young broiler chickens. A total of 480 male Cobb500 broilers were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, including an uninfected control consuming diet ad libitum, two infected groups were orally gavaged with two different concentrations of sporulated Eimeria oocysts, and an uninfected pair-fed group fed the same amount of feed as the high Eimeria-infected group consumed. Growth performance and feed intake were recorded, and samples were collected on 6 days post infection. Results indicated that coccidiosis increased systemic oxidative status and elevated immune response in bone marrow, suppressing bone growth rate (P < 0.05) and increasing bone resorption (P < 0.05) which led to lower bone mineral density (P < 0.05) and mineral content (P < 0.05) under Eimeria infection. With the same amount of feed intake, the uninfected pair-fed group showed a distinguished bone formation rate and bone resorption level compared with the Eimeria infected groups. In conclusion, inflammatory immune response and oxidative stress in broilers after Eimeria infection were closely associated with altered bone homeostasis, highlighting the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in broiler bone homeostasis during coccidiosis.

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“…Various studies have shown that there are several possible injection sites: air cell, amniotic sac, directly into the chicken embryo, or yolk sac [ 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ]. The preferred site for in ovo injection in the early stages of embryo development is the air cell, but for injections of vaccines and nutrients, the best time is around day 18 of egg incubation [ 88 ].…”

Section: Avian Cell Culture Models For Testing Immunomodulatory Effec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Cell Culture Models to Study Immunomodulatory Properties of Bioactive Products

Paradowska

Dunisławska

Siwek

et al. 2022

Animals

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Antimicrobial resistance is becoming a greater danger to both human and animal health, reducing the capacity to treat bacterial infections and increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality from resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial efficacy in the treatment of bacterial infections is still a major concern in both veterinary and human medicine. Antimicrobials can be replaced with bioactive products. Only a small number of plant species have been studied in respect to their bioactive compounds. More research is needed to characterize and evaluate the therapeutic properties of the plant extracts. Due to the more and more common phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance, poultry farming requires the use of natural alternatives to veterinary antibiotics that have an immunomodulatory effect. These include a variety of bioactive products, such as plant extracts, essential oils, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. This article presents several studies on bioactive products and their immunomodulatory effects tested in vitro and ex vivo using various avian cell culture models. Primary cell cultures that have been established to study the immune response in chickens include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Chicken lymphatic lines that can be used to study immune responses are mainly: chicken B cells infected with avian leukemia RAV-1 virus (DT40), macrophage-like cell line (HD11), and a spleen-derived macrophage cell line (MQ-NCSU). Ex vivo organ cultures combine in vitro and in vivo studies, as this model is based on fragments of organs or tissues grown in vitro. As such, it mimics the natural reactions of organisms, but under controlled conditions. Most ex vivo organ cultures of chickens are derived from the ileum and are used to model the interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and the microbiota. In conclusion, the use of in vitro and ex vivo models allows for numerous experimental replications in a short period, with little or no ethical constraints and limited confounding factors.

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Role of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Chicken Embryo Osteogenesis, Adipogenesis, Myogenesis, and Vitamin D3 Metabolism

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Active vitamin D increases myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells via a vitamin D response element on the myogenin promoter

Active vitamin D increases myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells via a vitamin D response element on the myogenin promoter

Reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption drive bone loss in Eimeria infected broilers

Avian Cell Culture Models to Study Immunomodulatory Properties of Bioactive Products

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