Role Models' Influence on Specialty Choice for Residency Training: A National Longitudinal Study

Yoon, John D.; Ham, Sandra A.; Reddy, Shalini; Curlin, Farr A.

doi:10.4300/jgme-d-17-00063.1

Cited by 57 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…11 Hospitalist educators should, as role models and mentors, help students and resident trainees develop strategies for avoiding burnout, including resilience techniques. 12 This study has important limitations. Firstly, this was a post-hoc analysis of cross-sectional data from a larger study (Project on the Good Physician 5 ), so we could not definitively establish causality in our reported associations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Medical Students’ Perspectives on Careers in Hospital Medicine: A National Study

Cramer¹,

Ham²,

Alkaddoumi³

et al. 2017

MedEdPublish

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Purpose: Concerns over burnout and other factors may influence whether students pursue hospital medicine as a career. We investigate whether there are certain predictive factors that ultimately play a role in medical students' career interest in hospital medicine. Methods:In January 2011, 960 third-year medical students from 24 U.S. allopathic medical schools were surveyed at baseline, and six to nine months later when they became fourth-years at follow-up. Hospitalist-oriented students were categorized as those students who indicated interest in the specialties of family medicine, internal medicine, or pediatrics, and who indicated that they were "very likely" or "somewhat likely" to become a hospitalist. Respondents were also asked to respond to a list of seven factors that potentially influenced their specialty choice.Results: Adjusted response rate for the fourth-year survey was 50% (n=463/919). Medical students considering hospitalist careers were more likely to report that perceived burnout between various specialties played an important influential role in their specialty decisionmaking (49.7% [42.2-57.2%], vs. non-hospitalists 39.9% [32.8-47.0%], P=0.03).Conclusions: Given that students are reporting burnout as a factor in their decision-making in favor of hospitalist careers, further studies are needed to explore what aspects of a hospitalist career are appealing to students.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Medical Students’ Perspectives on Careers in Hospital Medicine: A National Study

Cramer¹,

Ham²,

Alkaddoumi³

et al. 2017

MedEdPublish

Self Cite

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“…Throughout their medical education, students are exposed to a wide variety of role models. This exposure, being an important part of their professional development, can lead to both positive and negative influences on their professional behavior, career choice, and their overall sense of well-being (Cook et al, 2014;Yoon et al, 2018). Recent concerns in medical educational reform are centered around enhancing role modeling exposure in the formation of professional character (Carey, Curlin and Yoon, 2015;Leffel et al, 2015;Yoon et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this survey design, we selected 24 U.S. allopathic medical schools, and then randomly sampled 40 students from each school. Further details of our methodology have been described elsewhere (Yoon et al, 2018). The study was approved by the University of Chicago Social Sciences Institutional Review Board.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Doctor role modeling is essential in the career development of medical students (Jochemsen-van der Leeuw et al, 2013;Passi et al, 2013;Yoon et al, 2018). A role model is defined in the medical literature as a "person considered to demonstrate a standard of excellence to be imitated (Jochemsen-van der Leeuw et al, 2013)."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As medical education is based heavily on observational learning, role modeling can be a powerful tool to impart and instill professional behavior. Medical educators are paying more attention to formative experiences that role models (positive or negative) are having on their students, and how these role models influence future specialization choices (Yoon et al, 2018). Many of these career choices could include fields such as primary care and underserved practices that face significant workforce shortages (O'Connell et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeking out the “Good Physician”: A National Survey of U.S. Medical Students and Their Identification of Role Models During Medical Training

Hanson¹,

Tak²,

Acab³

et al. 2018

MedEdPublish

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Background Doctor role modeling is essential in the career development of medical students. We explored the various personal and professional contexts in which students are reporting exposure to physician role models, and the association of these contexts with their intentions to enter primary care or care for the underserved. Methods We surveyed 960 third-year U.S. medical students from 24 U.S. allopathic medical schools in January 2011. We asked respondents whether or not they had been exposed to role models during medical training and in what contexts students interacted with their role model. We also tested associations with career intentions, educational factors, physician relative status, and demographics. Results Adjusted response rate was 61% (564/919). Among the respondents, 548 students (97.3%) responded that they encountered a doctor during their medical training who displays the best characteristics of a good physician. When identifying in what contexts students were reporting interactions with their role model, the categories with highest frequencies were: physician who supervised on wards (69%), assigned preceptor/mentor (57%), preceptor/mentor whom the student sought out (26%), personal or family friend (15%), other (3%). Students who sought out their own role models were more likely than non-exposure students to report intentions for primary care (39.8% exposure vs. 31.9% non-exposure, p=0.05) and to report intentions to practice among the underserved (41.4% exposure vs. 26.9

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Association Between Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Medical Specialties and Residency Application Rates

et al. 2022

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ImportanceThe lack of racial and ethnic diversity in the US medical profession is a well-recognized problem, and racial and ethnic representation is highly variable across the medical specialties. Residency selection is a crucial juncture at which diversity and representation in specialties can be increased.ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with residency application rates for medical specialties by race and ethnicity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis national cross-sectional study of medical student residency applications used American Association of Medical Colleges data on 2019-2020 applicants and information about the racial and ethnic characteristics of practicing physicians (including medical school faculty) and department chairs. A total of 26 320 applicants to medical residency programs, 592 296 practicing physicians, and 2121 department chairs across the US were included. Residency application rates for 18 medical specialties were evaluated.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the specialty representation quotient (SRQ), which estimated the extent to which students from a racial or ethnic group were overrepresented (an SRQ &gt;1) or underrepresented (an SRQ &lt;1) in a given specialty compared with the racial and ethnic demographic characteristics of the corresponding graduating class. Covariates included the racial and ethnic demographic characteristics of practicing physicians and department chairs by specialty based on American Association of Medical Colleges data and student academic factors (mean United States Medical Licensing Examination step 1 score, number of research experiences, and AΩA honor society membership among matched students from the previous application cycle). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between these covariates and application rates by race and ethnicity.ResultsAmong 26 320 specialty-specific applications to medical residency programs in 18 specialties, 90 (0.3%) were from American Indian or Alaska Native students, 6718 (25.5%) were from Asian students, 2575 (9.8%) were from Black students, 1896 (7.2%) were from Hispanic students, and 15 041 (57.1%) were from White students. Among 592 296 practicing physicians, 2777 (0.5%) were American Indian or Alaska Native, 117 358 (19.8%) were Asian, 36 639 (6.2%) were Black, 41 071 (6.9%) were Hispanic, and 394 451 (66.6%) were White. Among 2121 department chairs, 5 (0.2%) were American Indian or Alaska Native, 212 (10.0%) were Asian, 86 (4.1%) were Black, 88 (4.1%) were Hispanic, and 1730 (81.6%) were White. The specialties with the greatest representation among applicants from racial and ethnic groups underrepresented in medicine (URM) were family medicine (SRQ, 1.70), physical medicine and rehabilitation (SRQ, 1.60), and obstetrics and gynecology (SRQ, 1.47). The specialties with the lowest URM representation among applicants were plastic surgery (SRQ, 0.47), otolaryngology (SRQ, 0.53), and orthopedic surgery (SRQ, 0.86). Membership in AΩA was negatively associated with SRQ among American Indian or Alaska Native students only (β = –0.11; 95% CI, –0.17 to –0.05; P = .002). Racial and ethnic representation among practicing physicians was positively associated with SRQ for American Indian or Alaska Native students (β = 6.05; 95% CI, 4.26-7.85; P &lt; .001), Asian students (β = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.06-0.09; P &lt; .001), Black students (β = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.06-0.15; P &lt; .001), and URM students overall (β = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.08; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study’s findings suggest that the propensity of medical students, particularly those from racial and ethnic minority groups, to apply to a given specialty for residency was associated with the representation of their racial or ethnic group among the specialty’s practicing physicians. Future work to characterize the mechanisms of occupational sorting may guide interventions to improve equity within the physician workforce.

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Role Models' Influence on Specialty Choice for Residency Training: A National Longitudinal Study

Abstract: Personal exposure to role models in medical school is an important predictor of residency training in that role model's specialty.

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

Medical Students’ Perspectives on Careers in Hospital Medicine: A National Study

Medical Students’ Perspectives on Careers in Hospital Medicine: A National Study

Seeking out the “Good Physician”: A National Survey of U.S. Medical Students and Their Identification of Role Models During Medical Training

Association Between Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Medical Specialties and Residency Application Rates

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