Role for toll-like receptor 4 in TNF-alpha secretion by murine macrophages in response to polysaccharide Krestin, a Trametes versicolor mushroom extract

Price, L.; Wenner, Cynthia A.; Sloper, Daniel T.; Slaton, Joel W.; Novack, Jeffrey P.

doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2010.06.002

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…( 41 ) Proetin‐bound polysaccharide also has a favorable effect on the activation of leukocyte chemotactic locomotion and phagocytic activity. ( 42,43 ) Moreover, it was recently revealed that PSK is a specific Toll‐like receptor 2 agonist and has potent antitumor effects through stimulation of both CD8 + T cells and natural killer cells. ( 44 )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct inhibition of the transforming growth factor‐β pathway by protein‐bound polysaccharide through inactivation of Smad2 signaling

et al. 2011

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Transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Inhibition of the TGF-b pathway is an attractive strategy for the treatment of cancer. We recently screened for novel TGF-b inhibitors among commercially available drugs and identified protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK) as a strong inhibitor of the TGF-b-induced reporter activity of 3TP-lux, a TGF-b1-responsive luciferase reporter. Protein-bound polysaccharide is used as a non-specific immunostimulant for the treatment of gastric and colorectal cancers in Japan. The anticancer activity of this agent may involve direct regulation of growth factor production and enzyme activity in tumors in addition to its immunomodulatory effect. Although several clinical studies have shown the beneficial therapeutic effects of PSK on various types of tumors, its mechanism of action is not clear. In the present study, Western blot analysis showed that PSK suppressed the phosphorylation and nuclear localization of the Smad2 protein, thereby suggesting that PSK inhibits the Smad and MAPK pathways. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that PSK decreased the expression of several TGF-b pathway target genes. E-cadherin and vimentin immunohistochemistry showed that PSK suppressed TGF-b1-induced EMT, and FACS analysis showed that PSK inhibited the EMT-mediated generation of CD44 + ⁄ CD24 ) cells. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms mediating the TGF-binhibiting activity of PSK and suggest that PSK can effectively treat diseases associated with TGF-b signaling. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 317-324)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct inhibition of the transforming growth factor‐β pathway by protein‐bound polysaccharide through inactivation of Smad2 signaling

et al. 2011

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“…The role of TLR4 in the innate immune response to PSK was further demonstrated ex vivo. PSK stimulated TNF-secretion by peritoneal macrophages obtained from wildtype mice, while it failed to induce both IL-6 and TNF-in peritoneal macrophages from TLR4-/-mice [29]. In addition, PSK has been demonstrated to activate dendritic cells and T-cells in a TLR2-dependent manner.…”

Section: Immune Modulating Effectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Polysaccharide-K (PSK) in Cancer - Old Story, New Possibilities?

Sun

Rosendahl²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

CMC

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Polysaccharide-K (PSK, Krestin) is one of the most commonly used medicinal mushroom extracts with a long history as an additive in cancer therapy in Asia, especially in Japan. PSK has a documented anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vitro, in various types of cancers, including colorectal, gastric, breast, liver, pancreatic, and lung cancer. Despite PSK having been studied for about 40 years as an immune modulator and biological response modifier, the mechanisms of action by PSK have not yet been clearly and completely elucidated. This review aims to provide an up-to-date account for the effects of PSK in cancer with the hope of thereby providing an increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PSK and also its potential as an additive in modern cancer therapy.

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“…[2,4,6,7] Conformational transitions of scleroglucan occur at about 4 -6 C in water, according to a process that probably involves mainly the side chains. [9] Scleroglucan is also used in the cosmetic industry [10] as a stabilizer for emulsions, [11] in the pharmaceutical industry as an immune-modulator, antineoplastic, [12] mucoadhesive, and antimicrobial substance [13] as well as in controlled drug delivery systems. For instance, it is employed in the oil industry in drilling muds [8] and for enhanced oil recovery, in the food industry as a thickener and gelling and stabilizing agent, and in animal feed composition.…”

Section: Nmr Characterization Of Carboxymethyl Scleroglucanmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR Characterization of Carboxymethyl Scleroglucan

Cerreto

Corrente

Botta

et al. 2013

International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization

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High field NMR characterization of carboxymethyl scleroglucan (Scl-CM) recently synthesized through reaction of the native polymer (Scl) with chloroacetic acid in basic conditions is discussed, reporting the position of the carboxymethyl groups in the scleroglucan moiety. The comparison between the Scl-CM and the Scl structures can be useful to comprehend their different profiles in the viscosity-shear rate curves and their different ability to form physical gels

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Role for toll-like receptor 4 in TNF-alpha secretion by murine macrophages in response to polysaccharide Krestin, a Trametes versicolor mushroom extract

Cited by 37 publications

References 20 publications

Direct inhibition of the transforming growth factor‐β pathway by protein‐bound polysaccharide through inactivation of Smad2 signaling

Direct inhibition of the transforming growth factor‐β pathway by protein‐bound polysaccharide through inactivation of Smad2 signaling

Polysaccharide-K (PSK) in Cancer - Old Story, New Possibilities?

NMR Characterization of Carboxymethyl Scleroglucan

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