Rôle de Musca domestica dans la transmission des bactéries multirésistantes dans un service de réanimation en Afrique subsaharienne

Boulesteix, G.; Dantec, P. Le; Chevalier, B.; Dieng, Mame Thierno; Niang, Birahim; Diatta, Bakary

doi:10.1016/j.annfar.2005.01.016

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this study, the most frequently detected resistance genes in confirmed ESBL-producing GNB colonized flies were CTX-M-1-like gene, followed by TEM-like gene and SHV-like gene, respectively. The frequency and characterization of ESBL genes of clinical samples and flies isolates showed similarities (Table 3 ) [ 11 ] and also similar findings reported by Boulesteix et al [ 12 ] from Dakar, Senegal. This suggests that flies may acquire the bacteria from the hospital environment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Carriage of ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria by flies captured in a hospital and its suburban surroundings in Ethiopia

Tufa

Fuchs

Wienemann

et al. 2020

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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Background Local data from the Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital in the town of Asella, Ethiopia reveal a high prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL) producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in clinical isolates. To investigate a possible route of transmission, we determined the proportions ESBL-producing GNB in isolates from flies caught in the hospital and in the town of Asella. Methods Flies were collected in August 2019 from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the orthopedic ward, the hospital’s waste disposal area, and from a butchery situated 1.5 km from the hospital. After trapping, the flies were macerated and suspended in sterile normal saline. The suspensions were inoculated on MacConkey agar and incubated overnight. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using Vitek®-MS and VITEK® 2. Results In total, 103 bacterial isolates were obtained from 85 flies (NICU: 11 isolates from 20 flies, orthopedic ward: 10 isolates from 12 flies, waste disposal area: 37 isolates from 26 flies, butchery: 45 isolates from 27 flies). The proportions of ESBL-producing bacteria among isolates obtained from flies collected in the hospital compound were significantly higher (82%, 90%, and 57% in NICU, orthopedic ward and waste disposal area, respectively) compared to flies collected outside of the hospital compound (2% (@1/45) in the butchery) (p ≤ 0.001). The proportion of ESBL was 67% (6/9) among Raoultella spp. 67% (4/6) among Kluyvera spp., 56% (5/9) among Enterobacter spp., 50% (5/10) among E. coli, and 44% (8/18) among Klebsiella spp.. Of the 40 ESBL-genes detected, 85% were CTX-M-like, 83% TEM-like, 23% SHV-like, and 2% CTX-M-2-like. ESBL-producing bacteria showed higher rates of resistance against ciprofloxacin (66% vs. 5%), gentamicin (68% vs. 3%), piperacillin-tazobactam (78% vs. 5%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (88% vs. 16%), compared to non-ESBL-producing bacteria. Conclusion A high proportion of ESBL was identified in isolates from flies caught in the hospital compound compared with isolates of flies collected at a distance of 1.5 km from the hospital. Flies can be potential vectors for transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria within hospitals. Further studies are needed to determine the source of MDR colonization in flies and possible impact of MDR for nosocomial infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Carriage of ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria by flies captured in a hospital and its suburban surroundings in Ethiopia

Tufa

Fuchs

Wienemann

et al. 2020

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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“…House flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), are ubiquitous and transmit more than 100 human and animal diseases [ 1 - 3 ], including bacterial infections such as salmonellosis, anthrax, ophthalmia, shigellosis, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, cholera and infantile diarrhea; protozoan infections such as amebic dysentery; helminthic infections such as pinworms, roundworms, hookworms and tapeworms; as well as viral and rickettsial infections. House flies can spread a deadly strain of Escherichia coli [ 4 ] and transmit life threatening antibiotic-resistant bacteria [ 5 , 6 ], which constitute an ever increasing threat in hospitals and other healthcare facilities [ 7 - 10 ]. Flies also transmit pathogens responsible for eye diseases such as trachoma and epidemic conjunctivitis, and infect wounds or skin with diseases such as cutaneous diphtheria, mycoses, yaws and leprosy [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome of the house fly, Musca domestica L., a global vector of diseases with adaptations to a septic environment

Warren²,

et al. 2014

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BackgroundAdult house flies, Musca domestica L., are mechanical vectors of more than 100 devastating diseases that have severe consequences for human and animal health. House fly larvae play a vital role as decomposers of animal wastes, and thus live in intimate association with many animal pathogens.ResultsWe have sequenced and analyzed the genome of the house fly using DNA from female flies. The sequenced genome is 691 Mb. Compared with Drosophila melanogaster, the genome contains a rich resource of shared and novel protein coding genes, a significantly higher amount of repetitive elements, and substantial increases in copy number and diversity of both the recognition and effector components of the immune system, consistent with life in a pathogen-rich environment. There are 146 P450 genes, plus 11 pseudogenes, in M. domestica, representing a significant increase relative to D. melanogaster and suggesting the presence of enhanced detoxification in house flies. Relative to D. melanogaster, M. domestica has also evolved an expanded repertoire of chemoreceptors and odorant binding proteins, many associated with gustation.ConclusionsThis represents the first genome sequence of an insect that lives in intimate association with abundant animal pathogens. The house fly genome provides a rich resource for enabling work on innovative methods of insect control, for understanding the mechanisms of insecticide resistance, genetic adaptation to high pathogen loads, and for exploring the basic biology of this important pest. The genome of this species will also serve as a close out-group to Drosophila in comparative genomic studies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0466-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Some of these virulence genes are also associated with mobile genetic elements, highlighting the relevance of flies in the transmission of virulence determinants in broiler farms and hospital settings (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their movements, their capacity to fly long distances, and their attraction to decaying organic materials and food, houseflies amplify the risk of human exposure to foodborne pathogens (14)(15)(16). Moreover, they may also spread antibiotic resistance genes within microbial communities (17). The digestive tract of flies provides a suitable environment for the horizontal transfer of genes among bacteria, which contributes to the spread of resistance and virulence genes (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The digestive tract of flies provides a suitable environment for the horizontal transfer of genes among bacteria, which contributes to the spread of resistance and virulence genes (18). Several studies have demonstrated that flies carry multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospital environments and have also demonstrated their role in the transmission of human pathogens within hospitals (17).…”

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Houseflies (Musca domestica) as Vectors for Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli on Spanish Broiler Farms

Solà-Ginés

González-López

Cameron-Veas

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bFlies may act as potential vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria to different environments. This study was intended to evaluate the presence of Escherichia coli strains resistant to cephalosporins in flies captured in the areas surrounding five broiler farms. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the resistant population was performed by different methods: MIC determination, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and phylotyping. The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, their plasmid location, and the mobile genetic elements involved in their mobilization were studied. Additionally, the presence of 35 genes associated with virulence was evaluated. Out of 682 flies captured, 42 yielded ESBL-producing E. coli. Of these isolates, 23 contained bla CTX-M-1 , 18 contained bla CTX-M-14 , and 1 contained bla CTX-M-9 . ESBL genes were associated mainly with the presence of the IncI1 and IncFIB replicons. Additionally, all the strains were multiresistant, and five of them also harbored qnrS. Identical PFGE profiles were found for E. coli isolates obtained from flies at different sampling times, indicating a persistence of the same clones in the farm environment over months. According to their virulence genes, 81% of the isolates were considered avian-pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and 29% were considered extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). The entrance of flies into broiler houses constitutes a considerable risk for colonization of broilers with multidrug-resistant E. coli. ESBLs in flies reflect the contamination status of the farm environment. Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential contribution of flies to the dissemination of virulence and resistance genes into different ecological niches.

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Rôle de Musca domestica dans la transmission des bactéries multirésistantes dans un service de réanimation en Afrique subsaharienne

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Carriage of ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria by flies captured in a hospital and its suburban surroundings in Ethiopia

Carriage of ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria by flies captured in a hospital and its suburban surroundings in Ethiopia

Genome of the house fly, Musca domestica L., a global vector of diseases with adaptations to a septic environment

Houseflies (Musca domestica) as Vectors for Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli on Spanish Broiler Farms

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