“…Hence, there is an urgent need for integrated multi-HIS to provide an effective cooperative HISs environment (Yang et al, 2010). There are many cooperative HIS models (Aknine and Aknine, 1999); but, these models are developed as warehouses containing patient information (Skilton et al, 2008) and they are limited by their capability to react to system changes, especially in the circulation and updating of new data, knowledge and information (Kirikova, 2009). Over time, new requirements of cooperation among physicians will emerge to design cooperative HISs environment, where they need to Science Publications JCS maximize information sharing in order to provide accurate information in an appropriate and timely manner to support physicians' decisions, hence producing better healthcare services (Skilton et al, 2007).…”