Role and Mechanisms of Interleukin-1 in the Modulation of Neurotoxicity

Chen, Xiaoling; Gottschall, Paul E.; Chen, Li T.; Wiranowska, Marzenna; Phelps, Christopher

doi:10.1159/000068322

Cited by 59 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It is to be noted that RGCs were the target of these cytokines as they vigorously expressed TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1) and IL receptor 1 (IL-1R1). TNF-α has been shown to mediate RGC death by binding with its receptor TNF-R1 in experimental elevation of intraocular pressure and in ocular conditions such as retinal ischemia, optic nerve crush and glaucoma [78][79][80] RGC apoptosis occurs through this binding as a result of activation of caspase signaling pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage [81].…”

Section: Hypoxia and Microglial Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our recent investigations have shown that increased release of IL-1β by retinal microglia and enhanced expression of IL-R1 on RGCs occurred concurrently in the retina of hypoxic neonatal rats. IL-1β can damage the RGCs by binding to its receptor IL-R1 and initiating mechanisms such as excitotoxicity and increased iNOS production through IL-R1 signalling [80].…”

Section: Hypoxia and Microglial Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Hypoxic-Ischemic Injuries

Kaur¹,

Rathnasamy²,

Foulds³

et al. 2015

J Neurol Exp Neurosci

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Loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) occurs in retinal degenerative diseases, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, central retinal artery occlusion and ischemic central retinal vein thrombosis in adults and in retinopathy of prematurity in infants. A critical role of hypoxia, which underlies most of the above disorders, has been reported in causing RGC death. Disruption of blood-retinal barrier (BRB) occurs due to increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide in response to hypoxia resulting in extravasation of serum derived substances and retinal edema and this may be one of important factors mediating RGC death. Activation of microglial cells in response to hypoxia and subsequent increased release of proinflammatory cytokines by them such as tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) target the TNF-receptor 1 and IL-receptor 1 on RGCs. Excess release of glutamate in retinal tissue under hypoxia activates the ionotropic glutamate receptors causing excitotoxicity through increased influx of calcium into the RGCs. Increased production of TNF-α, IL-1β and enhanced intracellular calcium results in RGC death through activating several pathways such as caspase signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. In our investigations, melatonin, an antioxidant, was shown to reduce RGC death in the adult and neonatal hypoxic retina, through suppression of TNF-α, IL-1β and glutamate levels as well as oxidative stress. Moreover, the function and structure of BRB was well preserved in these animals along with reduction in retinal edema. In view of our observations, we suggest that melatonin could be considered as a therapeutic agent to reduce RGC death in various retinal pathologies, in addition to other potential drugs/molecules of therapeutic interest that could render protection to RGCs. However, future in-depth research on the effects of melatonin on the retina under hypoxic conditions needs to be undertaken to explore its full potential in preventing/ameliorating RGC death. Factors Mediating RGC DeathSeveral factors induced or upregulated by hypoxia may be involved in causing RGC death. These factors include, among others, disruption of the blood-retinal barrier, activation of microglial cells and the accompanying enhanced release of inflammatory cytokines and excess release and accumulation of glutamate in the retinal tissues. Hypoxia and the blood-retinal barrierThe BRB regulates the passage of molecules from blood into the retina [11,12]. It consists of an inner BRB formed by the tight junctions (TJ) between capillary endothelial cells and an outer barrier formed by TJ between retinal pigment epithelial cells [12][13][14][15][16]. The TJ are made up of transmembrane proteins such as occludin, claudin-5 and cytoplasmic proteins such as zona occludens (ZO)-1 that are structurally and functionally important for maintaining the integrity of the BRB. The proper functioning of the inner BRB also requires the collective co...

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Section: Hypoxia and Microglial Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypoxia and Microglial Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Hypoxic-Ischemic Injuries

Kaur¹,

Rathnasamy²,

Foulds³

et al. 2015

J Neurol Exp Neurosci

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“…It seems that IL-1β is neurotoxic only at high concentrations and after relatively long exposure [3]. Several mechanism by which IL-1 may induce neuronal death have been proposed including the involvement of glia [59] and the regulation of NMDA receptor [39,73].Neurotrophins, such as BDNF, are important modulators for neuronal survival and functions. BDNF, a major trophic factor in the CNS, is critical for the development and survival of certain neuronal populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While IL-1β can cause neuronal toxicity in vivo after CNS damage, the cytokine is not directly neurotoxic to neurons in culture, but exacerbates neuronal damage by other agents [58,69]. For example, IL-1β increased excitotoxicity in vitro [39,73] and in vivo [26]. IL-1β induced neurotoxicity in vitro has been recently shown to be mediated by glia and requires free radical release and caspase activation [69].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-1β impairs brain derived neurotrophic factor-induced signal transduction

Tong

Balázs

Soi-ampornkul³

et al. 2008

Neurobiology of Aging

193

142

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The expression of IL-1 is elevated in the CNS in diverse neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The hypothesis was tested that IL-1β renders neurons vulnerable to degeneration by interfering with BDNF-induced neuroprotection. In trophic support-deprived neurons, IL-1β compromised the PI3-K/Akt pathway-mediated protection by BDNF and suppressed Akt activation. The effect was specific as in addition to Akt, the activation of MAPK/ ERK, but not PLCγ, was decreased. Activation of CREB, a target of these signaling pathways, was severely depressed by IL-1β. As the cytokine did not influence TrkB receptor and PLCγ activation, IL-1β might have interfered with BDNF signaling at the docking step conveying activation to the PI3-K/Akt and Ras/MAPK pathways. Indeed, IL-1β suppressed the activation of the respective scaffolding proteins IRS-1 and Shc; this effect might involve ceramide generation. IL-1-induced interference with BDNF neuroprotection and signal transduction was corrected, in part, by ceramide production inhibitors and mimicked by the cell-permeable C2-ceramide. These results suggest that IL-1β places neurons at risk by interfering with BDNF signaling involving a ceramide-associated mechanism. Keywords IL-1β; BDNF; signal transduction; cortical neuronsInterleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pluripotent proinflammatory cytokine that is a potent activator of host defense responses to infection and injury both in the periphery and the CNS [59]. However, IL-1 can also exacerbate damage in the CNS resulting from acute insults, such as © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript cerebral ischemia and trauma, and circumstantial evidence is consistent with a similar role in chronic neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD) [48]. Furthermore, recent genetic studies highlighted the relevance of IL-1 in AD pathogenesis, showing that specific polymorphisms in the IL-1 gene cluster are associated with greatly increased risk for AD, especially for the earlier onset of the disease [23,50]. The view that inflammatory processes play an important role in pathogenesis has been supported by epidemiological studies, showing that certain antiinflammatory drugs result in a slower progression of the disease [2,8,43,77] and in transgenic AD models decrease the number of dystrophic neurites, activated microglia and IL-1 expression [35], although such drugs also modulate the production of the a...

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“…(18,20,58). The inflammatory process of HAD potentiates glutamate excitotoxicity through multiple factors including PAF, TNF-α, IL-1β, and various HIV proteins (59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66). Glutamate excitotoxicity may be the common pathway to cognitive dysfunction (67).…”

Section: Macrophage Driven Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiation of excitotoxicity in HIV-1-associated Dementia and the significance of glutaminase

Erdmann¹,

Whitney²,

Zheng³

2006

Clinical Neuroscience Research

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HIV-1 Associated Dementia (HAD) is a significant consequence of HIV infection. Although multiple inflammatory factors contribute to this chronic, progressive dementia, excitotoxic damage appears to be an underlying mechanism in the neurodegenerative process. Excitotoxicity is a cumulative effect of multiple processes occurring in the CNS during HAD. The overstimulation of glutamate receptors, an increased vulnerability of neurons, and disrupted astrocyte support each potentiate excitotoxic damage to neurons. Recent evidence suggests that poorly controlled generation of glutamate by phosphate-activated glutaminase may contribute to the neurotoxic state typical of HAD as well as other neurodegenerative disorders. Glutaminase converts glutamine, a widely available substrate throughout the CNS to glutamate. Inflammatory conditions may precipitate unregulated activity of glutaminase, a potentially important mechanism in HAD pathogenesis.

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Role and Mechanisms of Interleukin-1 in the Modulation of Neurotoxicity

Cited by 59 publications

References 45 publications

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Hypoxic-Ischemic Injuries

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Hypoxic-Ischemic Injuries

Interleukin-1β impairs brain derived neurotrophic factor-induced signal transduction

Potentiation of excitotoxicity in HIV-1-associated Dementia and the significance of glutaminase

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