Rodent models of depression-cardiovascular comorbidity: Bridging the known to the new

Carnevali, Luca; Montano, Nicola; Statello, Rosario; Sgoifo, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.006

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…This would allow the identification of HRV measures as baseline predictors of resilience and examine their relationship with morphological aspects of the brain, particularly of the ACC. While this prospective approach may be challenging in most human studies, it could be more easily addressed in studies employing relevant and translational animal models (Beery and Kaufer, 2015 ; Carnevali et al, 2017a ; Sillivan et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic and Brain Morphological Predictors of Stress Resilience

et al. 2018

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Stressful life events are an important cause of psychopathology. Humans exposed to aversive or stressful experiences show considerable inter-individual heterogeneity in their responses. However, the majority does not develop stress-related psychiatric disorders. The dynamic processes encompassing positive and functional adaptation in the face of significant adversity have been broadly defined as resilience. Traditionally, the assessment of resilience has been confined to self-report measures, both within the general community and putative high-risk populations. Although this approach has value, it is highly susceptible to subjective bias and may not capture the dynamic nature of resilience, as underlying construct. Recognizing the obvious benefits of more objective measures of resilience, research in the field has just started investigating the predictive value of several potential biological markers. This review provides an overview of theoretical views and empirical evidence suggesting that individual differences in heart rate variability (HRV), a surrogate index of resting cardiac vagal outflow, may underlie different levels of resilience toward the development of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Following this line of thought, recent studies describing associations between regional brain morphometric characteristics and resting state vagally-mediated HRV are summarized. Existing studies suggest that the structural morphology of the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC), particularly its cortical thickness, is implicated in the expression of individual differences in HRV. These findings are discussed in light of emerging structural neuroimaging research, linking morphological characteristics of the ACC to psychological traits ascribed to a high-resilient profile and abnormal structural integrity of the ACC to the psychophysiological expression of stress-related mental health consequences. We conclude that a multidisciplinary approach integrating brain structural imaging with HRV monitoring could offer novel perspectives about brain-body pathways in resilience and adaptation to psychological stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic and Brain Morphological Predictors of Stress Resilience

et al. 2018

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“…As the diversity of animal models, their pros, cons and relevance to human depression have been reviewed in detail previously [211,[223][224][225], they are addressed here in brief. Animal models of depression may be generally divided according to the means of induction of depressive behavior: i) exposure to acute or sub-chronic stress, including the despair-based forced swimming and tail suspension test models.…”

Section: Animal Models Of Depression and Their Use In Studies Of Infamentioning

confidence: 99%

The heartbreak of depression: ‘Psycho-cardiac’ coupling in myocardial infarction

Headrick

Peart

Budiono

et al. 2017

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology

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Ample evidence identifies strong links between major depressive disorder (MDD) and both risk of ischemic or coronary heart disease (CHD) and resultant morbidity and mortality. The molecular mechanistic bases of these linkages are poorly defined. Systemic factors linked to MDD, including vascular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, obesity and diabetes, together with associated behavioral changes, all elevate CHD risk. Nonetheless, experimental evidence indicates the myocardium is also directly modified in depression, independently of these factors, impairing infarct tolerance and cardioprotection. It may be that MDD effectively breaks the heart's intrinsic defense mechanisms. Four extrinsic processes are implicated in this psycho-cardiac coupling, presenting potential targets for therapeutic intervention if causally involved: sympathetic over-activity vs. vagal under-activity, together with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and immuno-inflammatory dysfunctions. However, direct evidence of their involvement remains limited, and whether targeting these upstream mediators is effective (or practical) in limiting the cardiac consequences of MDD is unknown. Detailing myocardial phenotype in MDD can also inform approaches to cardioprotection, yet cardiac molecular changes are similarly ill defined. Studies support myocardial sensitization to ischemic insult in models of MDD, including worsened oxidative and nitrosative damage, apoptosis (with altered Bcl-2 family expression) and infarction. Moreover, depression may de-sensitize hearts to protective conditioning stimuli. The mechanistic underpinnings of these changes await delineation. Such information not only advances our fundamental understanding of psychological determinants of health, but also better informs management of the cardiac consequences of MDD and implementing cardioprotection in this cohort.

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“…Based on this, CVS was chosen in the present study to investigate the influence of this stressor in habituation of the cardiovascular response upon repeated exposure to restraint stress. However, some authors have pointed out the relevance of chronic social stressors in preclinical studies, mainly due to the ethological and translational value of these stressors (Carnevali et al, 2017;Sgoifo et al, 2014). Therefore, social isolation was also used in the present study as a chronic social stressor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habituation of the cardiovascular responses to restraint stress is inhibited by exposure to other stressor stimuli and exercise training

Benini

Oliveira

Gomes‐de‐Souza

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Biology

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This study evaluated the effect of exposure to either a chronic variable stress (CVS) protocol or social isolation, as well as treadmill exercise training, in the habituation of the cardiovascular response upon repeated exposure to restraint stress in rats. The habituation of the corticosterone response to repeated restraint stress was also evaluated. For this, animals were subjected to either acute or 10 daily sessions of 60 min of restraint stress. CVS and social isolation protocols lasted for 10 consecutive days, whereas treadmill training was performed for 1 h per day, 5 days per week for 8 weeks. We observed that the increase in serum corticosterone was reduced during both the stress and the recovery period of the 10th session of restraint. Habituation of the cardiovascular response was identified in terms of a faster return of heart rate to baseline values during the recovery period of the 10th session of restraint. The increase in blood pressure and the decrease in tail skin temperature were similar at the 1st and 10th session of restraint. Exposure to CVS, social isolation or treadmill exercise training inhibited the habituation of the restraintevoked tachycardia. Additionally, CVS increased the blood pressure response at the 10th session of restraint, whereas social isolation enhanced both the tachycardia during the first session and the drop in skin temperature at the 10th session of restraint. Taken together, these findings provide new evidence that pathologies evoked by stress might be related to impairment in the habituation process to homotypic stressors.

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Rodent models of depression-cardiovascular comorbidity: Bridging the known to the new

Cited by 27 publications

References 120 publications

Autonomic and Brain Morphological Predictors of Stress Resilience

Autonomic and Brain Morphological Predictors of Stress Resilience

The heartbreak of depression: ‘Psycho-cardiac’ coupling in myocardial infarction

Habituation of the cardiovascular responses to restraint stress is inhibited by exposure to other stressor stimuli and exercise training

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