Rod influence in dichromatic surface color perception

Montag, Ethan D.; Boynton, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(87)90129-5

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For deuteranopes, there also was evidence of a residual red-green mechanism affecting color preference, because L−M significantly predicted deuteranope preference for light colors, as it did for male trichromats. Prior research has argued for a residual red-green mechanism influencing dichromat color naming for stimuli over 3° (8)(9)(10)(11). Here, we show that such a mechanism is likely at play when deuteranopes decide how much they like light colors and provides evidence of residual red-green discrimination in an aesthetic aspect of color perception.…”

Section: Groupmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…However, research also has shown that a large proportion of red-green dichromats have residual activity in this mechanism with increasing stimulus size (over 3°; see refs. 6, 7), resulting in surprisingly good color naming (8)(9)(10)(11). The origin of such red-green residual activity remains unknown and is open to several explanations (7,10,12,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6, 7), resulting in surprisingly good color naming (8-11). The origin of such red-green residual activity remains unknown and is open to several explanations (7,10,12,13). Other research has shown that protanopes and deuteranopes also exhibit minor alterations in the performance of the achromatic and yellowblue mechanisms (see figures 4 and 5 in ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Color preference in red–green dichromats

Álvaro

Moreira

Lillo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Around 2% of males have red-green dichromacy, which is a genetic disorder of color vision where one type of cone photoreceptor is missing. Here we investigate the color preferences of dichromats. We aim (i) to establish whether the systematic and reliable color preferences of normal trichromatic observers (e.g., preference maximum at blue, minimum at yellow-green) are affected by dichromacy and (ii) to test theories of color preference with a dichromatic sample. Dichromat and normal trichromat observers named and rated how much they liked saturated, light, dark, and focal colors twice. Trichromats had the expected pattern of preference. Dichromats had a reliable pattern of preference that was different to trichromats, with a preference maximum rather than minimum at yellow and a much weaker preference for blue than trichromats. Color preference was more affected in observers who lacked the cone type sensitive to long wavelengths (protanopes) than in those who lacked the cone type sensitive to medium wavelengths (deuteranopes). Trichromats' preferences were summarized effectively in terms of cone-contrast between color and background, and yellow-blue cone-contrast could account for dichromats' pattern of preference, with some evidence for residual red-green activity in deuteranopes' preference. Dichromats' color naming also could account for their color preferences, with colors named more accurately and quickly being more preferred. This relationship between color naming and preference also was present for trichromat males but not females. Overall, the findings provide novel evidence on how dichromats experience color, advance the understanding of why humans like some colors more than others, and have implications for general theories of aesthetics.dichromacy | aesthetic preference | color vision | color naming I ndividuals vary in their perceptual experience of the world, and sometimes this variation is caused by genetic differences (1-4). Dichromacy is a form of color-vision deficiency affecting about 2% of human males in which only two of the three types of retinal cone photoreceptors are functional because of genetic factors (1, 2). Protanopes, deuteranopes, and tritanopes lack cone photoreceptors sensitive to long (L), medium (M), and short (S) wavelengths, respectively. Accordingly, dichromats' color discrimination is poorer, and their spectral sensitivity is slightly shifted to longer wavelengths (deuteranopes) or is moderately shifted to shorter wavelengths (protanopes) compared with that of normal trichromats (common observers; see table 3.6 in ref. 5).In normal trichromats, cone responses are the input signals for two chromatic cone opponent mechanisms, red-green and yellowblue, based on L−M and S−(L+M) cone responses, respectively, and one achromatic mechanism, mainly based on L+M responses (1). Traditionally it has been considered that protanopes and deuteranopes lack functionality in the red-green mechanism, because this opponent mechanism is based on the comparison of L and M cone responses, and one...

show abstract

Section: Groupmentioning

confidence: 57%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Color preference in red–green dichromats

Álvaro

Moreira

Lillo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In color naming studies, it has been shown that dichromats can name colors in fair agreement with color-normal observers~Scheib-ner & Boynton, 1968;Nagy & Boynton, 1979;Montag & Boynton, 1987;Montag, 1994 Under very dim light levels where rods alone mediate vision, color-normal observers consistently report color names based on relative sample scotopic lightness. We speculated that developmental and long-term experience with viewing familiar objects in the natural environment under dim illumination allowed color normal observers to infer that bright appearing objects are richer in shorter wavelength light compared to dim appearing objects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The color of night: Surface color categorization by color defective observers under dim illuminations

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

People with normal trichromatic color vision experience variegated hue percepts under dim illuminations where only rod photoreceptors mediate vision. Here, hue perceptions were determined for persons with congenital color vision deficiencies over a wide range of light levels, including very low light levels where rods alone mediate vision. Deuteranomalous trichromats, deuteranopes and protanopes served as observers. The appearances of 24 paper color samples from the OSA Uniform Color Scales were gauged under successively dimmer illuminations from 10 to 0.0003 Lux~1.0 to Ϫ3.5 log Lux!. Triads of samples were chosen representing each of eight basic color categories; "red," "pink," "orange," "yellow," "green," "blue," "purple," and "gray." Samples within each triad varied in lightness. Observers sorted samples into groups that they could categorize with specific color names. Above Ϫ0.5 log Lux, the dichromatic and anomalous trichromatic observers sorted the samples into the original representative color groups, with some exceptions. At light levels where rods alone mediate vision, the color names assigned by the deuteranomalous trichromats were similar to the color names used by color normals; higher scotopic reflectance samples were classified as blue-green-grey and lower reflectance samples as red-orange. Color names reported by the dichromats at the dimmest light levels had extensive overlap in their sample scotopic lightness distributions. Dichromats did not assign scotopic color names based on the sample scotopic lightness, as did deuteranomalous trichromats and colour-normals. We reasoned that the reduction in color gamut that a dichromat experiences at photopic light levels leads to a limited association of rod color perception with objects differing in scotopic reflectance.

show abstract

“…For example, protanopes and deuteranopes show adaption to long wavelength light [29] and use the terms "red" and "green" as well as "blue" and "yellow" to describe what they see [30]. Montag and Boynton [31] have shown further that rods may contribute to these abilities. These further facts about color perception are not explained by the arguments here.…”

Section: What About Reports From Human Dichromats?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Demands of Geometry on Color Vision

Purves

Yegappan

2017

Vision

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While studies of human color vision have made enormous strides, an overarching rationale for the circular sense of color relationships generated by two classes of color opponent neurons and three cone types is still lacking. Here we suggest that color circularity, color opponency and trichromacy may have arisen, at least in part, because of the geometrical requirements needed to unambiguously distinguish all possible spectrally different regions on a plane.

show abstract

Rod influence in dichromatic surface color perception

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

Color preference in red–green dichromats

Color preference in red–green dichromats

The color of night: Surface color categorization by color defective observers under dim illuminations

The Demands of Geometry on Color Vision

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About