Rock-Eval analysis and organic petrographical characterization of the Upper Jurassic Naokelekan Formation, northern Mesopotamian basin, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

Abdula, Rzger A.; Kolo, Kamal; Damoulianou, Maria-Elli; Raftopoulou, Victoria; Khanaqa, Polla Azad; Kalaitzidis, Stavros

doi:10.12681/bgsg.22842

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The organic matter of the Naokelekan Formation was recognized as Types II and III kerogen (Othman, 1990;Al-Atroshi et al, 2019), or Types III and IV (Abdula et al, 2020). This kerogen was described as mature and within the oil generation window in Sargelu locality (Baban and Ahmed, 2014).…”

Section: Organic Matter In the Naokelekan Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sequence stratigraphic setting exposed by Balaky (2015), placing the upper part of the Naokelekan Formations as HST, would secure a suitable condition for impregnation of bitumen in the limestone and dolomite strata. The evaluation of organic matter presented by Abdula et al (2020) implied that the bitumen in the Naokelekan Formation is mainly migrated (migra-bitumen) and partly formed through heating (pyro-bitumen) of ancestor organic matter during maturation stages. As for the current case, it is believed that bitumen injection into the Naokelekan Formation followed fracturing of deeply seated hydrocarbon reservoir that received hydrocarbon from early Jurassic or older source rocks.…”

Section: Organic Matter In the Naokelekan Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, Abdula (2016) contributed to stratigraphy of the Naokelekan Formation and believed that its age in Iraqi Kurdistan is Callovian-Upper Oxfordian. Recently,Al-Atroshi et al (2019) andAbdula et al (2020)…”

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confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Evaluation of Quality and Rank of Banik Coal, Zakho, Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Sherwani

2021

UKH J SCI ENG

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This study aims to evaluate the rank (or grade) and economic value of so–called coal horizons outcropping in the vicinity of Banik and Shiranish-Islam villages of Zakho District, Duhok Governorate. These coal-like beds (locally known as Banik Coal) make up few meters within the upper part of the Jurassic Naokelekan Formation. The evaluation was mainly based on standard chemical tests of coal (proximate and ultimate analyses) achieved in foreign and local laboratories. The test results were assessed according to the standard coal tests introduced by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The latest stratigraphic studies revealed that the presumable coal horizons were thin beds of limestone and dolomitic limestone alternated with frequent shales all impregnated with bituminous materials, mostly of hydrocarbon source. The bituminous beds were traced in both upper and lower parts of Naokelekan Formation. The standard proximate coal analysis has shown low percent of fixed carbon and high percent of volatiles and ash which support the hydrocarbon source of these bituminous beds. Consequently, it would be difficult to classify these bituminous beds similarly to the standard coal ranks of ASTM. The high values of mineral matter display the dominance of minerals rather than the carbon in the local samples. However, the Gross Calorific Value (heating value) of these beds would imply that they can be used as relatively poor quality source of fuel. Besides, the exploitation of Banik coals would be influenced by the cost of extraction (or mining), the expected prices of produced coal, and the prices of alternative sources of energy.

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Section: Organic Matter In the Naokelekan Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Organic Matter In the Naokelekan Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Evaluation of Quality and Rank of Banik Coal, Zakho, Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Sherwani

2021

UKH J SCI ENG

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“…Due to their economic interest, these carbonate platforms and intrashelf basin successions have been studied from palaeogeographic and sequence stratigraphy points of view (Al‐Mojel et al, 2018; Hughes, 2004; Sadooni, 1997; Sharland et al, 2001; Ziegler, 2001). However, some intrashelf basins, such as the Sargelu or Gotnia Basin (present Kurdistan Region of northern Iraq) and Hawraman Basin (Hawraman region in NW Iran; Figure 1a), have received less attention, and most studies, specifically in Kurdistan, have been limited to facies analysis and source rock studies (e.g., Kirkuk and Hamrin oilfields; Abdula, 2015, 2017; Abdula, Balaky, Nurmohamadi, & Piroui, 2015; Abdula et al, 2020; Balaky, 2004; Hakimi, Najaf, Abdula, & Mohialdeen, 2018; Jassim & Buday, 2006; Salae, 2001). Predominant carbonates and shales were deposited during the Middle and Late Jurassic in these intrashelf basins (i.e., Sargelu, Najmah, and Gotnia formations in Hawraman Basin in NW Iran; Sargelu, Naokelekan, and Barsarin formations in Sargelu [Gotnia] Basin in the Kurdistan region of Iraq; Figure 1b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeogeographic reconstruction and sequence architecture of the middle‐upper Jurassic successions of Hawraman Basin (NW Iran): Implications for tectono‐depositional processes of the northeastern passive margin of the Arabian Plate

2022

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The middle‐upper Jurassic successions (Sargelu, Najmah, and Gotnia formations) of the NW sector of the Zagros Mountain belt are studied to generate a sequence stratigraphic model that helps to understand the Jurassic tectono‐depositional processes and palaeogeographic reconstructions of the northeastern passive margin of the Arabian Plate. The major geological structures observed in northwestern Iran indicate the predominance of an extensional deformation during the Toarcian to Aalenian owing to the eastern Mediterranean rifting. This extensional regime reached its maximum from the Early to Middle Jurassic, causing the fragmentation/drowning of the long‐lived Triassic to Early Jurassic carbonate platform and the development of the Hawraman intrashelf basin (HIB). Associated changes in marine current dynamics, trophic conditions, and degree of substrate oxygenation led to the bloom of oligotypical biota (Bositra limestones) creating unfavourable conditions for the development of other benthic communities (Sargelu Formation). Later, from the Callovian to Oxfordian, changes in carbonate production types (switch from the Bositra filament facies to the stromatolitic‐thrombolitic boundstones) remarkably decreased the dip angle of the depositional profile (Najmah Formation). A second‐order tectono‐eustatic cycle (a major long‐term transgressive/regressive [T/R] cycle) including six minor short‐term T/R facies cycles (TR1–TR6) is identified in the study area. The development of the T/R facies cycles during the Middle Jurassic (TR1–TR3; give‐up sequences; Sargelu Formation) as a result of combined global eustatic transgression and linear subsidence resulted in drowning and backstepping of the platform. In contrast, the short‐term cycles that developed in the upper Jurassic (TR4–TR6; keep‐up sequences; Najmah and Gotnia formations), following a sea‐level fall, resulted in progressive shallowing of the carbonate platform. This study suggests that extensional deformation of the area reached its peak in the transition of the Early to Middle Jurassic, leading to the creation of HIB, but either decreased or played a subordinate role to eustatic sea‐level variations during the deposition of the TR1–TR3 facies cycles (Bajocian‐Callovian). Changes in tectonic regime from an extensional deformation (Early Jurassic) to cooling subsidence (Middle Jurassic), accompanied by a long‐term transgressive sea‐level trend during the Middle Jurassic, were important factors in the development of anoxic trough environments with the deposition of organic‐rich intervals, represented by the TR1–TR3 facies cycles. Tectonic instability (tectonic uplift plus considerable differential subsidence due to the reactivation of faults) in the eastern margin of the Arabian platform during the Late Jurassic led to the development of the TR4–TR6 facies cycles.

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“…Abdula et al [9] studied the petrographical features of organic matter from upper Jurassic Naokelekan Formation, Kurdistan-Iraq. Abdula et al [10] through the Rock-Eval analysis and organic petrographical characterization of the upper Jurassic Naokelekan formation, northern Mesopotamian basin, Kurdistan region-Iraq, evaluated the formation and concluded that the Naokelekan Formation contains types II and III kerogen. Abdula et al [11] studied the hydrocarbon potentiality and depositional environment of Naokelekan Formation in Binari Serwan-1 Well, NE-Iraq using infrared factors and palynological analysis evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfacies and Diagenetic Processes of the Late Jurassic Naokelekan Formation in selected wells at Balad, Ajil and Baiji Oilfields, Central Iraq

H.Dohan¹,

Kadhim²,

Hassan³

2022

Tikrit J. Pure Sci.

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This work depends on detailed petrographic and diagenetic processes studies of collected cutting rock samples, from the Late Jurassic Naokelekan Formation from Ajil-8, Balad-1 and Baiji-1 wells. Based on the thin sections study, the formation contains various petrographic components represented by pelecypods, calcispheres, planktonic and benthonic foraminifera, in addition to the groundmass of micrite and microspars. Many diagenetic processes affected the rock successions such as, compaction, micritization, authigenic minerals (pyrite), cementation, neomorphism, dissolution, porosity, replacement and dolomitization. The detailed microfacies analysis reveals that the rock successions consist mainly of three microfacies including; lime mudstone, which is divided into non-fossiliferous lime mudstone, bioclastic lime mudstone and planktonic foraminiferal lime mudstone, lime wackestone which also divided into calcispheres lime wackestone, benthonic lime wackestone, and pelcypodal lime wackestone, and lime packstone include, bioclastic lime packstone, peloidal lime packstone, and calcispheres lime packestone. The overall characters of these microfacies indicate the formation was deposited in two different environments: (1) shallow marine subtidal environment at the lower and upper parts (2) outer shelf in an euxinic environment at its middle part

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Rock-Eval analysis and organic petrographical characterization of the Upper Jurassic Naokelekan Formation, northern Mesopotamian basin, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Preliminary Evaluation of Quality and Rank of Banik Coal, Zakho, Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Preliminary Evaluation of Quality and Rank of Banik Coal, Zakho, Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Palaeogeographic reconstruction and sequence architecture of the middle‐upper Jurassic successions of Hawraman Basin (NW Iran): Implications for tectono‐depositional processes of the northeastern passive margin of the Arabian Plate

Microfacies and Diagenetic Processes of the Late Jurassic Naokelekan Formation in selected wells at Balad, Ajil and Baiji Oilfields, Central Iraq

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