Rock-Eval 6 Technology: Performances and Developments

Béhar, F.; Beaumont, Valérie; Penteado, Henrique Luiz de Barros

doi:10.2516/ogst:2001013

Cited by 1,049 publications

(516 citation statements)

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“…The SOM content of sediment samples was analyzed in dried and ground samples of approximately 100 mg weight using a Rock-Eval 6 pyrolysis instrument with standard cycles (Behar et al, 2001). The grain size distribution of sediment samples were analyzed using a standard sand shaker with sieve sizes 18 to 120 ASTM.…”

Section: Analytical and Data Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the fate of chlorinated ethenes in streambed sediments by combining stable isotope, geochemical and microbial methods

Abe

Aravena

Zopfi

et al. 2009

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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a b s t r a c tThe occurrence of chlorinated ethene transformation in a streambed was investigated using concentration and carbon isotope data from water samples taken at different locations and depths within a 15 × 25 m study area across which a tetrachloroethene (PCE) plume discharges. Furthermore, it was evaluated how the degree of transformation is related to groundwater discharge rates, redox conditions, solid organic matter content (SOM) and microbial factors. Groundwater discharge rates were quantified based on streambed temperatures, and redox conditions using concentrations of dissolved redox-sensitive species. The degree of chlorinated ethene transformation was highly variable in space from no transformation to transformation beyond ethene. Complete reductive dechlorination to ethane and ethene occurred at locations with at least sulfate-reducing conditions and with a residence time in the samples streambed zone (80 cm depth) of at least 10 days. Among these locations, Dehalococcoides was detected using a PCR method where SOM contents were N 2% w/w and where transformation proceeded beyond ethene. However, it was not detected at locations with low SOM, which may cause an insufficient H 2 supply to sustain a detectably dense Dehalococcoides population. Additionally, it is possible that other organisms are responsible for the biodegradation. A microcosm study with streambed sediments demonstrated the potential of VC oxidation throughout the site even at locations without a pre-exposure to VC, consistent with the detection of the epoxyalkane:coenzyme M transferase (EaCoMT) gene involved in the degradation of chlorinated ethenes via epoxidation. In contrast, no aerobic transformation of cDCE in microcosms over a period of 1.5 years was observed. In summary, the study demonstrated that carbon isotope analysis is a sensitive tool to identify the degree of chlorinated ethene transformation even in hydrologically and geochemically complex streambed systems. In addition, it was observed that the degree of transformation is related to redox conditions, which in turn depend on groundwater discharge rates.

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Section: Analytical and Data Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the fate of chlorinated ethenes in streambed sediments by combining stable isotope, geochemical and microbial methods

Abe

Aravena

Zopfi

et al. 2009

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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“…The amount of total organic-carbon burial in the Da'anzhai Member of the Sichuan Basin alone is estimated using equation (1) and with the following parameters: Area1 (Da'anzhai Member black shales) = 70,000 km 2 ; Thickness1 = 90 m; TOC1 = 2.2%; Density1 (shale) = 2.6 ×10 3 kg/m 3 ; Area2 (Da'anzhai Member limestone dominant) = 160,000 km 2 ; Thickness2 = 50 m; TOC2 = 0.5%; Density2 (limestone) = 2.5 × 10 3 kg/m 3 . With these, the total amount of organic carbon buried in this lake during the T-OAE was estimated to be 460 Gt 91,92 (and this study).…”

Section: [27] Mass-balance Calculation For the Toarcian Global Carbomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly in northern Europe, the evidence points to regional to global 50 development of anoxic/euxinic (sulphide-rich) bottom waters that strongly affected 51 palaeoceanographic conditions and marine ecosystems 15,17,18 . Globally significant 52 burial of 13 C-depleted photosynthetically derived organic matter commonly produced 53 an overarching positive carbon-isotope excursion (CIE) interrupted by the 54 3 characteristic abrupt negative shift that invariably characterizes the T-OAE (early 55Toarcian tenuicostatum−falciferum ammonite biozones) 1,2,18 . 56…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon sequestration in an expanded lake system during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event

et al. 2017

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(2017) 'Carbon sequestration in an expanded lake system during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event.', Nature geoscience., 16 (2). pp. 129-134. Further information on publisher's website:https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2871Publisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. The early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE at ~183 Ma) is recognized as one 32 of the most intense and geographically extensive events of oceanic redox change and 33 accompanying organic-carbon burial in the Mesozoic Era 1,2 . The T-OAE is marked by 34 major changes in global geochemical cycles, with an apparently rapid negative shift 35 of as much as ~7‰ in bulk marine and terrestrial organic-carbon isotope records and 36 a typically smaller (3-6‰) negative excursion in carbonate archives and specific 37 organic compounds 3-10 . The observed early Toarcian perturbation to the exogenic 38 carbon cycle has been linked to volcanism of the Karoo-Ferrar large igneous province 39 (LIP) and associated release of volcanogenic CO 2 , thermogenic methane (CH 4 ) from 40 sill intrusion into Gondwanan coals, and biogenic methane from dissociation of sub-41 seafloor clathrates 3,6,[11][12][13] . Early Toarcian elevated atmospheric pCO 2 likely induced 42 climatic and environmental change 5,12,[14][15][16] by accelerating the global hydrological 43 cycle and increasing silicate weathering, thereby increasing delivery of riverine 44 nutrients to the oceans and potentially also to large inland lakes 17 . In the marine 45 realm, the consequential increase in primary productivity and carbon flux to the sea 46 floor is credited with enhancing the burial of planktonic material in relatively deep 47 continental-margin sites, whereas in shallower water semi-restricted marine basins, 48 chemical and physical water-column stratification likely aided the burial of organic 49 matter 17 . Particularly in northern Europe, the evidence points to regional to global 50 development of anoxic/euxinic (sulphide-rich) bottom waters that strongly affected 51 palaeoceanographic conditions and marine ecosystems 15,17,18 . Globally significant 52 burial of 13 C-depleted photosynthetically derived organic matter commonly produced 53 an overarching positive carbon-isotope excursion (CIE) interrupted by the 54 3 characteristic abrupt negative shift that invariably characterizes the T-OAE (early 55Toarcian tenuicostatum−falciferum ammonite biozones) 1,2,18 . 56

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“…Rock-Eval pyrolysis using a RE 6 Turbo device at the University Paris 6 (Polovinnaya River 216 samples) and RE 6 device at the University of Lausanne (Kelimyar River samples) under 217 standard conditions (Béhar et al, 2001). The Hydrogen Index (HI, mg HC/g TOC), Oxygen 218 Index (OI, mg CO 2 /g TOC), Tmax (°C) and TOC (wt.%) were determined.…”

Section: Rock-eval Pyrolysis 213 214mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polar record of Early Jurassic massive carbon injection

Suan¹,

Nikitenko²,

Rogov³

et al. 2011

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

156

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Keywords: Oceanic Anoxic Event, Pliensbachian-Toarcian, carbon isotope excursion, Arctic 30 climate, sea level changes 31 2 The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) (ca. 182 mya, Early Jurassic) represents one of 32 the best-recognized examples of greenhouse warming, decreased seawater oxygenation and 33 mass extinction. The leading hypothesis to explain these changes is the massive injection of 34 thermogenic or gas hydrate-derived 13 C-depleted carbon into the atmosphere, resulting in a >3 35 per mil negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE), accelerated nutrient input and dissolved 36 oxygen consumption in the oceans. Nevertheless, the lack of a precisely dated record of the T-37 OAE outside low latitudes has led to considerable debate about both its temporal and spatial 38 extent and hence concerning its underlying causes. Here we present new isotopic and 39 lithological data from three precisely dated N Siberian sections, which demonstrate that mass 40 extinction and onset of strong oxygen-deficiency occurred near synchronously in polar and 41 most tropical sites and were intimately linked to the onset of a marked 6‰ negative CIE 42 recorded by bulk organic carbon. Rock Eval pyrolysis data from Siberia and comparisons 43 with low latitudes show that the CIE cannot be explained by the extent of stratification of the 44 studied basins or changes in organic matter sourcing and suggest that the negative CIE 45 reflects rapid 13 C-depleted carbon injection to all exchangeable reservoirs. Sedimentological 46 and palynological indicators show that the injection coincided with a change from cold 47 (abundant glendonites and exotic boulder-sized clasts) to exceptionally warm conditions 48 (dominance of the thermophyllic pollen genus Classopollis) in the Arctic, which likely 49 triggered a rapid, possibly partly glacioeustatic sea-level rise. Comparisons with low latitude 50 records reveal that warm climate conditions and poor marine oxygenation persisted in 51 continental margins at least 600 ky after the CIE, features that can be attributed to protracted 52 and massive volcanic carbon dioxide degassing. Our data reveal that the T-OAE profoundly 53 affected Arctic climate and oceanography and suggest that the CIE was a consequence of 54 global and massive 13 C-depleted carbon injection. 55 56 57

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Rock-Eval 6 Technology: Performances and Developments

Cited by 1,049 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluating the fate of chlorinated ethenes in streambed sediments by combining stable isotope, geochemical and microbial methods

Evaluating the fate of chlorinated ethenes in streambed sediments by combining stable isotope, geochemical and microbial methods

Carbon sequestration in an expanded lake system during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event

Polar record of Early Jurassic massive carbon injection

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