Robustness of single-electron pumps at sub-ppm current accuracy level

Stein, F.; Scherer, H.; Gerster, Thomas; Behr, R.; Götz, Martín; Pesel, Eckart; Leicht, C.; Ubbelohde, Niels; Weimann, Thomas; Pierz, K.; Schumacher, H. W.; Hohls, Frank

doi:10.1088/1681-7575/54/1/s1

Cited by 68 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This 'null-voltage' approach was used in Ref. 7 and reduced the uncertainty due to the voltage calibration to a negligible level. In fact, it was attempted in the present study at NPL, but the JVS operation proved unreliable.…”

Section: Npl High-precision Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Realisation of a quantum current standard at liquid helium temperature with sub-ppm reproducibility

et al. 2020

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A silicon electron pump operating at the temperature of liquid helium has demonstrated repeatable operation with sub-ppm accuracy. The pump current, approximately 168 pA, is measured by three laboratories, and the measurements agree with the expected current ef within the uncertainties which range from 0.2 ppm to 1.3 ppm. All the measurements are carried out in zero applied magnetic field, and the pump drive signal is a sine wave. The combination of simple operating conditions with high accuracy demonstrates the possibility that an electron pump can operate as a current standard in a National Measurement Institute. We also discuss other practical aspects of using the electron pump as a current standard, such as testing its robustness to changes in the control parameters, and using a rapid tuning procedure to locate the optimal operation point.

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Section: Npl High-precision Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus far, bench-mark experiments such as those reported in Refs. 6 and 7 have required sophisticated cryogenic infrastructure; a helium-3 refrigerator 6 and a dilution refrigerator 7 . In the case of Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realisation of a quantum current standard at liquid helium temperature with sub-ppm reproducibility

et al. 2020

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“…[18][19][20][21][22] They are typically operated in cryogenic refrigerators at millikelvin temperatures and are able to accurately source currents of the order of 100 pA. The SET-generated current is transferred to current amplification and data acquisition instrumentation outside the refrigerator via low-noise cables.…”

Section: Cable Noise Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of sub-picoampere direct currents with uncertainties below ten attoamperes

Krause

Drung

Scherer

2017

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. uses a single AC signal with no applied source-drain bias [7][8][9][10][11]. This work has produced recent uncertainties as low as 1.6×10 −7 at 500 MHz (80 pA of current) [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AC signal characterization for optimization of a CMOS single-electron pump

et al. 2018

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Charge pumping and current quantization in SAW-driven carbon nanotube devices M R Buitelaar, P J Leek, V I Talyanskii et al. Pumping single electrons at a set rate is being widely pursued as an electrical current standard. Semiconductor charge pumps have been pursued in a variety of modes, including single gate ratchet, a variety of 2-gate ratchet pumps, and 2-gate turnstiles. Whether pumping with one or two AC signals, lower error rates can result from better knowledge of the properties of the AC signal at the device. In this work, we operated a CMOS single-electron pump with a 2-gate ratchet style measurement and used the results to characterize and optimize our two AC signals.Fitting this data at various frequencies revealed both a difference in signal path length and attenuation between our two AC lines. Using this data, we corrected for the difference in signal path length and attenuation by applying an offset in both the phase and the amplitude at the signal generator. Operating the device as a turnstile while using the optimized parameters determined from the 2-gate ratchet measurement led to much flatter, more robust charge pumping plateaus. This method was useful in tuning our device up for optimal charge pumping, and may prove useful to the semiconductor quantum dot community to determine signal attenuation and path differences at the device.

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Robustness of single-electron pumps at sub-ppm current accuracy level

Cited by 68 publications

References 23 publications

Realisation of a quantum current standard at liquid helium temperature with sub-ppm reproducibility

Realisation of a quantum current standard at liquid helium temperature with sub-ppm reproducibility

Measurement of sub-picoampere direct currents with uncertainties below ten attoamperes

AC signal characterization for optimization of a CMOS single-electron pump

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