2011
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.107203
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Robustness of a Perturbed Topological Phase

Abstract: We investigate the stability of the topological phase of the toric code model in the presence of a uniform magnetic field by means of variational and high-order series expansion approaches. We find that when this perturbation is strong enough, the system undergoes a topological phase transition whose first- or second-order nature depends on the field orientation. When this transition is of second order, it is in the Ising universality class except for a special line on which the critical exponent driving the c… Show more

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Cited by 152 publications
(172 citation statements)
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References 35 publications
(52 reference statements)
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“…10 and Fig. 11, which also display the series expansion results both at order 10 in the low-field limit 12 and at order 5 in the high-field limit 10 . Again, the Monte Carlo data and the series expansion result are in good agreement at low fields (approximately h z < 0.34).…”
Section: Phase Diagrammentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…10 and Fig. 11, which also display the series expansion results both at order 10 in the low-field limit 12 and at order 5 in the high-field limit 10 . Again, the Monte Carlo data and the series expansion result are in good agreement at low fields (approximately h z < 0.34).…”
Section: Phase Diagrammentioning
confidence: 99%
“…8) develop strong non-analytic features at the transition point indicating the onset of charge condensation. To compare our data to the series expansion results, we also compute A s and σ z b using the Hellmann-Feynman theorem for the ground-state energy at order 10 in the low-field limit 12 . As can be seen in Fig.…”
Section: Phase Diagrammentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Their original manifestation, the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) [7], is now understood to be based on a variational update of a matrix product state (vMPS) [8,9], and has found applications in a wide range of fields such as quantum chemistry [10] and quantum information [11] as well as condensed matter physics [12]. More recent developments have extended the methods to, e.g., critical systems [13], two-dimensional lattices [14][15][16], and topologically ordered states [17].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We do this by studying the eigenvalue spectra of these objects or, more precisely, of contractions of these objects, together with its associated entropy, in a way to be explained later. We provide several examples of this both for classical and quantum systems, including classical and quantum Ising, XY, XXZ and N -state Potts models, as well as several instances of 2d Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) [14] describing perturbed Z 2 , Z 3 , symmetry-protected, and chiral topological orders [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. To achieve this goal we use a variety of TN methods for CTMs and CTs.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%