Robustness in blind camera identification

Source‐anchored, trace‐anchored, and general match score‐based likelihood ratios for camera device identification

“…compression [14], lens distortion [16], and contrast enhancement, histogram equalization, and white balance [15]. Most previous work determines if a questioned image I u came from a specific known camera…”

“…Later the peak‐to‐correlation energy (PCE) replaced sample correlation because the PCE is robust against a periodic signal called linear pattern that created problems for statistical models that used sample correlation [11]. Most previous work in camera device identification focuses on developing what we term a universal detector [7,9,11,12,13,14,15] where the authors aim to create a single system that works for any questioned image and camera device. Over the years, universal detectors that use the PRNU have been tested against cropping and scaling [13], gamma correction and denoising [6], compression [14], lens distortion [16], and contrast enhancement, histogram equalization, and white balance [15].…”

“…Most previous work in camera device identification focuses on developing what we term a universal detector [7,9,11,12,13,14,15] where the authors aim to create a single system that works for any questioned image and camera device. Over the years, universal detectors that use the PRNU have been tested against cropping and scaling [13], gamma correction and denoising [6], compression [14], lens distortion [16], and contrast enhancement, histogram equalization, and white balance [15]. Most previous work determines if a questioned image I u came from a specific known camera C k by comparing the value of interest δ = Δ( X u , I u F k ) from Equation (2) to an ad‐hoc decision threshold t , where t is typically chosen based on a constructed set of similarity scores between an image and a camera fingerprint known to be from the same camera (matching) and an image and a camera fingerprint known to be from different cameras (non‐matching).…”

Score-based likelihood ratios for camera device identification

“…The vast majority of work in camera device identification employs a universal detector method [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Photoresponse non-uniformity (PRNU) [9] serves as a camera fingerprint for the specific camera device under consideration.…”

Spoofing PRNU Patterns of Iris Sensors while Preserving Iris Recognition

“…The process of automatically determining the sensor that produced a given image is referred to as sensor identification. While a number of sensor identification methods have been discussed in the literature [41,23,12], the ones based on Photo Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) [35,14,21] have gained prominence in the recent literature. PRNU refers to the non-uniform response of individual pixels across the sensor array to the same illumination as a consequence of manufacturing defects introduced during sensor production.…”