Robustness and Regularization of Personal Audio Systems

Elliott, Stephen J.; Cheer, Jordan; Choi, Jung‐Woo; Kim, Youngtae

doi:10.1109/tasl.2012.2197613

Cited by 133 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The cost function may be written to minimize the dark zone sound pressure while maintaining a certain sound pressure A in the bright zone, with the sum of squared source weights not exceeding Q [16]:…”

Section: Acoustic Contrast Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where I is the identity matrix and q is proportional to the eigenvectorq corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of (G [16]. The constraint that A equals a certain fixed value is enforced by scalingq, and the second Lagrange multiplier λ (that also acts as a regularization parameter for the matrix inversion) must be chosen such that the effort constraint is satisfied.…”

Section: Acoustic Contrast Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of approaches to controlling sound fields to create sound zones have been investigated [13][14][15][16][17]. Each approach enjoys differing degrees of success according to the physical measures of contrast (the acoustic separation between the zones), control effort (the energy required for sound attenuation), and planarity (the distribution of plane wave energy with respect to direction of arrival at the bright zone) [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship Between Target Quality and Interference in Sound Zone

Baykaner¹,

Coleman²,

Mason³

et al. 2015

J. Audio Eng. Soc.

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Sound zone systems aim to produce regions within a room where listeners may consume separate audio programs with minimal acoustical interference. Often, there is a trade-off between the acoustic contrast achieved between the zones and the fidelity of the reproduced audio program (the target quality). An open question is whether reducing contrast (i.e., allowing greater interference) can improve target quality. The planarity control sound zoning method can be used to improve spatial reproduction, though at the expense of decreased contrast. Hence, this can be used to investigate the relationship between target quality (which is affected by the spatial presentation) and distraction (which is related to the perceived effect of interference). An experiment was conducted investigating target quality and distraction and examining their relationship with overall quality within sound zones. Sound zones were reproduced using acoustic contrast control, planarity control, and pressure matching applied to a circular loudspeaker array. Overall quality was related to target quality and distraction, each having a similar magnitude of effect; however, the result was dependent upon program combination. The highest mean overall quality was a compromise between distraction and target quality, with energy arriving from up to 15 degrees either side of the target direction. INTRODUCTIONSound zone systems aim to control sound fields in such a way that multiple listeners can enjoy different audio programs within the same room. Conceptually, the overall quality of the sound zone listening experience could be considered to be the result of some combination of the effect of the presence of an interferer program and the effect of any artifacts or degradations to the target program (i.e., target quality) caused by the sound zone processing. A similar conceptual framework was utilized in [1]. While the relationship between the effect of the interferer and the effect of target quality degradations is unclear, a considerable body of research exists on these topics individually.Fields of research investigating the effect of auditory interferers include: the perception of environmental noise [2,3], the perception of multiple talkers [4], source separation [5], and combinations of these [6]. These studies generally do not consider common domestic interferers, such as music or sound effects in films; and where they do, they either do not isolate the interferer effect or they include artifacts and degradations that may be specific to source separation algorithms.In [7] a series of elicitation experiments were conducted to investigate terms describing auditory interference scenarios using ecologically valid programs (i.e., those that are commonly consumed in domestic environments). The results, and those of [8], showed that using the term "distraction" produced good agreement between listeners, and that listener ratings made using this term were a good measure of the perceived effect of the interferer. It seems likely, therefore, that there would be...

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Section: Acoustic Contrast Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acoustic Contrast Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Relationship Between Target Quality and Interference in Sound Zone

Baykaner¹,

Coleman²,

Mason³

et al. 2015

J. Audio Eng. Soc.

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show abstract

“…The magnitude of the array filters can be controlled by constraining the array effort to be lower than a given value at each frequency, which is achieved by varying the regularisation parameter, β. By limiting the array effort, illconditioning with respect to the inversion of the propagation matrix is also avoided, and so the array is made more robust changes in the environment [18]. Array effort and acoustic contrast are dimensionless quantities, whose levels are typically plotted in decibels.…”

Section: Control Of the Sound Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such techniques need an a priori knowledge of the array's transfer responses, and via an inverse problem allow the creation of a desired radiation pattern, which theoretically can be made frequency invariant. However, at low frequencies, these techniques do require large gains to operate, and are quite sensitive to errors [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Audio Loudspeaker Array as a Complementary TV Sound System for the Hard of Hearing

Gálvez

Elliott

Cheer

2014

IEICE Trans. Fundamentals

Self Cite

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The usage of this PDF file must comply with the IEICE Provisions on Copyright. The author(s) can distribute this PDF file for research and educational (nonprofit) purposes only. Distribution by anyone other than the author(s) is prohibited. SUMMARYA directional array radiator is presented, the aim of which is to enhance the sound of the television in a particular direction and hence provide a volume boost to improve speech intelligibility for the hard of hearing. The sound radiated by the array in other directions is kept low, so as not to increase the reverberant level of sound in the listening room. The array uses 32 loudspeakers, each of which are in phase-shift enclosures to generate hypercardioid directivity, which reduces the radiation from the back of the array. The loudspeakers are arranged in 8 sets of 4 loudspeakers, each set being driven by the same signal and stacked vertically, to improve the directivity in this plane. This creates a 3D beamformer that only needs 8 digital filters to be made superdirective. The performance is assessed by means of simulations and measurements in anechoic and reverberant environments. The results show how the array obtains a high directivity in a reverberant environment. key words: personal audio, array signal processing, beamforming, hearing aid

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Sound Focusing

and

Choi

2013

Sound Visualization and Manipulation

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Robustness and Regularization of Personal Audio Systems

Cited by 133 publications

References 13 publications

The Relationship Between Target Quality and Interference in Sound Zone

The Relationship Between Target Quality and Interference in Sound Zone

Personal Audio Loudspeaker Array as a Complementary TV Sound System for the Hard of Hearing

Sound Focusing

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