Robust Vaccine-Induced as Well as Hybrid B- and T-Cell Immunity across SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Platforms in People with HIV

Verburgh, Myrthe L; Pul, Lisa van; Grobben, Marloes; Boyd, Anders; Wit, Ferdinand W. N. M.; Nuenen, Ad C. van; Dort, Karel A. van; Tejjani, Khadija; Rijswijk, Jacqueline van; Bakker, Margreet; Hoek, Lia van der; Loeff, Maarten F. Schim van der; Valk, Marc van der; Gils, Marit J. van; Kootstra, Neeltje A.; Reiss, Peter

doi:10.1128/spectrum.01155-23

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Hybrid immunity is thought to specifically enhance Omicron variant neutralization. Verburgh et al compared severe SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced and hybrid B-cell and T-cell responses in middle-aged PWH vs. HIV-negative controls who were highly comparable in terms of demographics and lifestyle [ 18 ]. PWH mounted equally robust immunity following vaccination and even more robust stronger immunity was observed in both groups following naturally acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Verburgh et al compared severe SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced and hybrid B-cell and T-cell responses in middle-aged PWH vs. HIV-negative controls who were highly comparable in terms of demographics and lifestyle [ 18 ]. PWH mounted equally robust immunity following vaccination and even more robust stronger immunity was observed in both groups following naturally acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 18 ]. Meanwhile, Lu et al examined humoral longitudinal observational study in PWH following primary inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibody neutralization capacity after COVID-19 vaccination in people with HIV (CIHR Canadian HIV trials network 328)

Costiniuk,

Singer,

Lee

et al. 2023

Aids

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Objectives: Many vaccines require higher/additional doses or adjuvants to provide adequate protection for people living with HIV (PLWH). Here, we compare COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody neutralization capacity in PLWH vs. HIV-negative individuals following two vaccine doses. Design: In Canadian prospective observational cohorts, inlcuding a multi-centre study of PLWH receiving ≥2 COVID-19 vaccinations (mRNA or ChAdOx1-S), and a parallel study of HIV-negative controls (Stop the Spread Ottawa Cohort), we measured vaccine-induced neutralization capacity 3 months post-dose 2 (± 1 month). Methods: COVID-19 neutralization efficiency was measured by calculating the half maximal inhibitory dilution(ID50) using a high-throughput protein based neutralization assay for Ancestral(Wuhan), Delta and Omicron (BA.1) spike variants. Univariable and multivariable quantile regression were used to compareCOVID-19-specific antibody neutralization capacity by HIV status. Results: Neutralization assays were performed on 256 PLWH and 256 controls based on specimen availability at the timepoint of interest, having received 2 vaccines and known date of vaccination. There was a significant interaction between HIV status and previous COVID-19 infection status in median ID50. There were no differences in median ID50 for HIV+ vs HIV-negative persons without past COVID-19 infection.For participants with past COVID-19 infection, median ICD50 was significantly higher in controls than in PLWH for Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variants, with a trend for the Delta variant in the same direction. Conclusion: Vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 neutralization capacity was similar between PLWH vs HIV-negative persons without past COVID-19 infection, demonstrating favourable humoral-mediated immunogenicity. Both HIV+ and HIV-negative persons demonstrated hybrid immunity. Funding: Public Health Agency of Canada, through the Vaccine Surveillance Reference group, the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (2122-HQ-000075) and the CTN. Production of COVID-19 reagents was financially supported by National Research Council of Canada (NRC) Pandemic Response Challenge Program. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT04894448

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody neutralization capacity after COVID-19 vaccination in people with HIV (CIHR Canadian HIV trials network 328)

Costiniuk,

Singer,

Lee

et al. 2023

Aids

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“…However, information on mRNA vaccine immunogenicity in immunocompromised individuals is still limited. Prospective large-scale, longitudinal cohort studies can provide comprehensive health, behavioral, epidemiologic, and socioeconomic data to analyze the impact of HIV-related immunosuppression and other comorbidities on immunogenicity to mRNA vaccines [3,4]. Nested into two large national cohorts, namely the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) [4] and the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study (STCS) [5], the COrona VaccinE tRiAL pLatform (COVERALL) [6] was initiated to determine noninferiority of the Moderna mRNA-1273 to the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT126b2 vaccine in immunocompromised patients after basic immunization (COVERALL-1) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the gap: identifying factors impacting mRNA severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine booster response in people with HIV-1

Chammartin,

Griessbach,

Kusejko

et al. 2023

Aids

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Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of demographic and clinical characteristics, including HIV-specific parameters with the antibody response to a third dose of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in people living with HIV-1 (PWH). Design: Post-hoc analysis of data collected during the observational extension of the COrona VaccinE tRiAL pLatform trial (COVERALL-2) nested into the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Methods: Serological measurements were conducted on a total of 439 PWH who had received a third dose of either mRNA-1273 (Moderna) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Antibody reactivity was assessed using the multifactorial ABCORA immunoassay that defines SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and predicts neutralization activity. The association between log transformed antibody reactivity and various baseline factors, including vaccine type, demographics, immune and viral status, smoking status, co-morbidities, infection history, and co-medication with chemotherapy and immunosuppressive drugs, was investigated using a multivariable linear regression model. Results: Antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 after a third vaccination was significantly lower among PWH with CD4 cell count <350 cells/μl (ratio of means (RM) 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.95). Having a detectable HIV-1 viral load ≥50 copies/ml and being on concurrent chemotherapy was associated with an overall lower humoral immune response (RM 0.75; 95% CI 0.57–1.00 and 0.34; 95% CI 0.22–0.52, respectively). Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of optimal antiretroviral treatment (ART) for PWH, emphasizing the need for timely intervention to enhance the vaccine immunogenicity in this population. Moreover, it underscores the significance of sequential mRNA vaccination and provides important evidence for informing vaccine guidelines.

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“…Indeed, multiple studies used anti-spike antibody assays and live-virus NTs containing the WT to quantify humoral immune responses to infections and monovalent vaccinations in PLWH and demonstrated that antibody levels in immunological responders to antiretroviral treatment were similar to non-HIV-infected individuals [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Conversely, low antibody concentrations were found in PLWH with low CD4 numbers and a discordant immune response to retroviral therapy [13,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, in people living with HIV (PLWH), the humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations in terms of neutralizing capabilities and total levels of spike-specific antibodies may be weaker. However, the immune response to the vaccinations must not necessarily be impaired when the CD4+ T-cell counts are not significantly decreased [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Accordingly, PLWH with lower CD4+ T-cells or a discordant immune response to antiretroviral therapy display weaker antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, calling for an exact antibody assessment and additional vaccinations in these individuals [13][14][15].…”

Section: Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multivariant Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Demonstrates Distinct SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Responses in People Living with HIV after a Fourth Monovalent mRNA Vaccination or an Omicron Breakthrough Infection

Springer,

Daller,

Knappik

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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While neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by monovalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations are primarily directed against the wildtype (WT), subsequent exposure to the Omicron variants may increase the breadth of the antibodies’ cross-neutralizing activity. Here, we analyzed the impact of an Omicron breakthrough infection (BTI) or a fourth monovalent mRNA vaccination on nAb profiles in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Using a multivariant surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), we quantified nAbs in 36 three-times vaccinated PLWH, of whom 9 acquired a serologically confirmed Omicron BTI, 8 received a fourth vaccine dose, and 19 were neither infected nor additionally vaccinated. While nAbs against WT and Delta increased after the BTI and a fourth vaccination, a significant increase against BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 was only observed after the BTI. However, there was no significant difference in nAb concentrations between the samples obtained after the BTI and fourth vaccination. In contrast, nAb levels were significantly lower in PLWH, who were neither infected nor additionally vaccinated after three vaccinations. Thus, our study demonstrates the suitability of a multivariant sVNT to assess hybrid humoral immunity after Omicron BTIs in PLWH vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2.

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Robust Vaccine-Induced as Well as Hybrid B- and T-Cell Immunity across SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Platforms in People with HIV

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Antibody neutralization capacity after COVID-19 vaccination in people with HIV (CIHR Canadian HIV trials network 328)

Antibody neutralization capacity after COVID-19 vaccination in people with HIV (CIHR Canadian HIV trials network 328)

Bridging the gap: identifying factors impacting mRNA severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine booster response in people with HIV-1

A Multivariant Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Demonstrates Distinct SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Responses in People Living with HIV after a Fourth Monovalent mRNA Vaccination or an Omicron Breakthrough Infection

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