“…In the literature, different control methods have been suggested to control the motion of underwater vehicles. The recent advanced control approaches like backstepping control, 5 fuzzy control, 6 time delay control (TDC), 7 neural network control, 8 sliding mode control (SMC), 9–11 higher-order sliding mode control (HSMC), 12 H ∞ control, 13 model predictive control (MPC), 14 adaptive control, 15 and the combination of these control approaches are utilized to enhance the tracking efficiency of these vehicles.…”