“…Robustness of optimal shapes is an issue of practical importance and has been investigated in some detail. For example, in prior investigations [32,35], it is shown that for a fixed minimum radius of curvature constraint, there is a linear increase in peak stress, with increasing values of the angular change in the orientation of the applied stress for typical optimal holes. Also as expected, for a fixed angular misalignment, the stresses increase with decreasing values of the minimum radius of curvature constraint.…”