Robust Scheduling of Virtual Power Plant Under Exogenous and Endogenous Uncertainties

Abstract

Virtual power plant (VPP) provides a flexible solution to distributed energy resources integration by aggregating renewable generation units, conventional power plants, energy storages, and flexible demands. This paper proposes a novel model for determining the optimal offering strategy in the day-ahead energy-reserve market and the optimal selfscheduling plan. It considers exogenous uncertainties (or called decision-independent uncertainties, DIUs) associated with market clearing prices and available wind power generation, as well as the endogenous uncertainties (or called decision-dependent uncertainties, DDUs) pertaining to real-time reserve deployment requests. A tractable solution method based on strong duality theory, McCormick relaxation, and the Benders' decomposition to solve the proposed stochastic adaptive robust optimization with DDUs formulation is developed. Simulation results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.

Review of energy sharing: Business models, mechanisms, and prospects

“…Some examples are given in ref. [128]. When the decision of participants will in turn influence the uncertainty level, the energy sharing among them becomes more complicated.…”

On Nash-Stackelberg-Nash Games under Decision-Dependent Uncertainties: Model and Equilibrium

“…Despite the fruitful work extending the concept of RNE to more complex game situations, they deal with problems where only DIUs are involved and the chosen strategies of players have no effect on the uncertain resolution. Recent advances [2][3][4][5] extending robust optimization to dealing with DDUs may provide insights into the mathematical characterization of DDUs with complete ignorance: the conventional 'static' uncertainty sets are extended to set-valued maps parameterized in the decision variables. From the game theoretic perspective, the real players and the virtual player (the DDUs) interact not only at the level of payoffs but also at the level of strategy sets, which is similar to the notion of generalized uncertainty introduced for N-person non-cooperative game in [23,24].…”

“…(i) The decision-dependency of w is characterized by the decision-dependent uncertainty set W(x) without an explicit form. This generic set-valued model covers distinguishable formulations of DDU set in existing works [2][3][4][5]. Also, W(x) applies readily with DIU sets by setting W(x) = W for any x ∈ X.…”

“…Fruitful works have addressed the optimization problems under DDUs [3][4][5]. Consideration of DDUs in N-S-N game equilibrium analysis, however, is challenging.…”

Robust scheduling of virtual power plant with power-to-gas device

“…Three sequentially coordinated optimization framework based on robust scheduling to maximum the revenue of the virtual power plant is established in [13]. A stochastic adaptive robust optimization model is proposed to optimize self-scheduling for the participation of virtual power plant in the day-ahead energy-reserve market in [14], [15]. A MILP model based on robust optimization to handle data uncertainty and to reduce the computational burden of the optimization of virtual power plant participating in the electricity market in [16].…”