Robust Satellite Techniques for mapping thermal anomalies possibly related to seismic activity of March 2021, Thessaly Earthquakes.

Kouli, Maria; Peleli, Sofia; Saltas, V.; Makris, J. P.; Vallianatos, Filippos

doi:10.12681/bgsg.27058

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Then, the specific Robust Estimator of TIR Anomalies (RETIRA) index was introduced [25,35], emphasising the better signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio achievable by using geostationary satellites. After that, a number of independent studies evaluating (e.g., [36,37]) or simply applying [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] the RST approach and RETIRA index were published. The RST methodology has been then further tested, enhancing their main limitations and potential (e.g., [46] and references therein] in the most seismic active areas of the world belonging to different climatic areas and geo-tectonic settings such as Algeria [47], India [48], California [46], Greece [49], Italy [13,[26][27][28][50][51][52][53], Taiwan [54], China [55], and Japan [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RST Analysis of Anomalous TIR Sequences in Relation with Earthquakes Occurred in Turkey in the Period 2004–2015

et al. 2022

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The paper provides, for the first time, a long-term (>10 years) analysis of anomalous transients in Earth’s emitted radiation over Turkey and neighbouring regions. The RST (Robust Satellite Techniques) approach is used to identify Significant Sequences of Thermal Anomalies (SSTAs) over about 12 years (May 2004 to October 2015) of night-time MSG-SEVIRI satellite images. The correlation analysis is performed with earthquakes with M ≥ 4, which occurred in the investigated period/region within a pre-defined space-time volume around SSTA occurrences. It confirms, also for Turkey, the possibility to qualify SSTAs among the candidate parameters of a multi-parametric system for time-Dependent Assessment of Seismic Hazard (t-DASH). After analysing about 4000 images (about 400 million of single satellite records), just 155 SSTAs (about 4 every 100 images) were isolated; 115 (74% out of the total) resulted in earthquake-related (false-positive rate 26%). Results of the error diagram confirms a non-casual correlation between RST-based SSTAs and earthquake occurrences, with probability gain values up to 2.2 in comparison with the random guess. The analysis, separately performed on Turkish areas characterized by different faults and earthquakes densities, demonstrates the SSTA correlation with a dynamic seismicity more than with static tectonic settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RST Analysis of Anomalous TIR Sequences in Relation with Earthquakes Occurred in Turkey in the Period 2004–2015

et al. 2022

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“…The cause of this "natural noise" can be the atmospheric weather or several variations in vegetation (natural or planted) or man-made constructions, topography and climate over space and time. As shown in previous works (e.g., [2,19,20,27,28,44,45]), the advantage of the RST methodology compared to other approaches is its ability to isolate residual thermal variations which are probably connected to tectonic activity. Over the past two decades, the RST method has been applied worldwide in several geotectonic regimes and to earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 4.0.…”

Section: Robust Satellite Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Several satellite sensors, which have channels in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, can monitor Earth's thermal field and generate a Land Surface Temperature (LST) product with variable spatiotemporal resolution depending on the satellite/sensor system chosen [6][7][8][9]. Therefore, LST can be used as a critical guide to the understanding of land surface processes at various scales [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and environments, especially in Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 3413 2 of 20 areas with a variability in geophysical parameters such as vegetation, topography, geology and geomorphometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite-Observed Thermal Anomalies and Deformation Patterns Associated to the 2021, Central Crete Seismic Sequence

2022

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Nowadays, there has been a growing interest in understanding earthquake forerunners, i.e., anomalous variations that are possibly associated with the complex process of earthquake evolution. In this context, the Robust Satellite Technique was coupled with 10 years (2012–2021) of daily night-time MODIS-Land Surface Temperature remote sensing data to detect thermal anomalies likely related to the 27 September 2021, strong onshore earthquake of magnitude Mw6.0 occurring near the Arkalochori village in Central Crete, Greece. Eight intense (signal-to-noise ratio > 3) and infrequent, quite extensive, and temporally persistent thermal signal transients were detected and characterized as pre-seismic anomalies, while one thermal signal transient was identified as a co-seismic effect on the day of the main tectonic event. The thermal anomalies dataset was combined with tectonic parameters of Central Crete, such as active faults and fault density, seismogenic zones and ground displacement maps produced using Sentinel-1 satellite imagery and the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar technique. Regarding the thermal anomaly of 27 September, its greatest portion was observed over the footwall part of the fault where a significant subsidence up to 20 cm exists. We suggest that the thermal anomalies are possibly connected with gas release which happens due to stress changes and is controlled by the existence of tectonic lines and the density of the faults, even if alternative explanations could not be excluded.

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“…A strong Mw = 6.3 earthquake occurred on March 3 rd , 2021, and was followed by another strong Mw = 6.0 event (Figure 1) on March 4 th , 2021 [Karakostas et al, 2021;Koukouvelas et al, 2021;Lekkas et al, 2021;Mavroulis et al, 2021;Papadopoulos et al, 2021;Kassaras et al, 2022;Michas et al, 2022]. The mainshock and its aftershocks caused observable ground deformations [De Novellis et al, 2021;Tolomei et al, 2021;Song et al, 2022;Yang et al, 2022] and thermal anomalies [Kouli et al, 2021]. The direction of extension determined for the 2021 sequence was reported to be different than the known stress regime in the area [Galanakis et al, 2021;Lazos et al, 2021].…”

Section: George Kavirismentioning

confidence: 98%

Shear-wave splitting perspectives from the intense aftershock sequence of Damasi – Tyrnavos

Κaviris

2023

Annals of Geophysics

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The area of Damasi-Tyrnavos (Thessaloniki, Central Greece), in the vicinity of Larissa, was characterized by low seismic activity during the last decades. Two strong earthquakes of Mw = 6.3 and Mw = 6.0 The area of Damasi – Tyrnavos (Thessaly, Central Greece), in the vicinity of Larissa, was characterized occurred in early March 2021, followed by an intense aftershock sequence, related to WNW-ESE to NW-SE oriented faulting. This sequence was recorded by a dense local seismological network that provided a rich dataset and a unique opportunity to investigate upper crust shear-wave splitting for the first time in the study area. A fully automated technique, employing the eigenvalues method and cluster analysis, was implemented to measure the fast shear-wave polarization direction and the time-delay between the two split-shear-waves. This procedure yielded 655 results of adequate quality grade at 9 stations, after analyzing 1602 events and applying strict selection criteria, including the shear-wave window. The measured directions revealed a complex upper crust anisotropic regime. WNW-ESE to NW-SE, in accordance both with the APE model, being parallel to the local 𝜎 Hmax direction, and the strike of the fault planes. On the other hand, stations at the central part exhibit NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW anisotropy directions. An interesting feature is that the two northern stations are characterized by larger normalized time-delay values, possibly related to the migration of seismicity to the north during the initial stage of the seismic sequence.

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Robust Satellite Techniques for mapping thermal anomalies possibly related to seismic activity of March 2021, Thessaly Earthquakes.

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

RST Analysis of Anomalous TIR Sequences in Relation with Earthquakes Occurred in Turkey in the Period 2004–2015

RST Analysis of Anomalous TIR Sequences in Relation with Earthquakes Occurred in Turkey in the Period 2004–2015

Satellite-Observed Thermal Anomalies and Deformation Patterns Associated to the 2021, Central Crete Seismic Sequence

Shear-wave splitting perspectives from the intense aftershock sequence of Damasi – Tyrnavos

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