Robust Provision of Frequency Reserves by Office Building Aggregations

Vrettos, Evangelos; Oldewurtel, Frauke; Zhu, Fengtian; Andersson, Göran

doi:10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01655

Cited by 46 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…5 shows that the fan power deviation from baseline is able to track the dispatched regulation signal very well while the temperature of each zone is strictly regulated within the pre-specified temperature band [21.5, 24.5]. Additionally, the utility functions used in the simulations are power functions (12), where the power coefficients for the 11 zones shown in Fig. 2 are picked as [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.9].…”

Section: Commercial Building Balancing the Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the computational burden becomes overwhelming for buildings with a large number of zones. On the other hand, in order to track a dispatch signal, different control strategies have been proposed for commercial buildings [6], [12], [13]. However, these approaches could not take into account the different preferences of individual thermal zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed flexibility characterization and resource allocation for multi-zone commercial buildings in the smart grid

Lian

Kalsi

et al. 2015

2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

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Abstract-The HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and AirConditioning) system of commercial buildings is a complex system with a large number of dynamically interacting components. In particular, the thermal dynamics of each zone are coupled with those of its neighboring zones. In this paper, we study an agent-based approach to model and control commercial building HVAC system for providing ancillary services to the power grid. In the multi-agent-building-system (MABS), individual zones are modeled as agents that can communicate, interact, and negotiate with one another to achieve a common objective. We first propose a distributed characterization method on the aggregate airflow (and thus fan power) flexibility that the HVAC system can provide to the ancillary service market. A Nash-bargaining-based airflow allocation strategy is then proposed to track a dispatch signal while respecting the preference and flexibility of individual zones. Moreover, we devise a distributed algorithm to obtain the Nash bargaining solution via dual decomposition. Numerical simulations illustrate that the proposed distributed protocols are much more scalable than centralized approaches especially when the system becomes larger and more complex.

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Section: Commercial Building Balancing the Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed flexibility characterization and resource allocation for multi-zone commercial buildings in the smart grid

Lian

Kalsi

et al. 2015

2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A detailed description of these contributions is given in [21]. Aggregation of multiple buildings is considered in [22] and [23]. Experimental works focus more on the technical feasibility of simple strategies to implement power tracking in commercial HVAC systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental demonstration of buildings providing frequency regulation services in the Swiss market

Gorecki

Fabietti

Jones

2017

Energy and Buildings

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This paper investigates the potential of commercial buildings to offer ancillary services to the grid. We consider a tracking procurement inspired by secondary frequency control, where the resource needs to commit to a nominal consumption profile ahead of time and then receives a power consumption deviation around this profile. We propose a model-based predictive scheme which formally assesses the amount of power flexibility that can be offered by the resource and of attaining the best trade-off between comfort and financial gain during real-time operation by adjusting the nominal power consumption with a delay, in accordance to the regulations of the Swiss energy market. Extensive simulation results highlight how the possibility to perform adjustments on the scheduled energy profile is of paramount importance for both maintaining comfortable operational conditions and offering larger tracking flexibility. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by means of full-day experiments in an occupied office space.

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“…In [5], the authors propose a robust optimization based approach to evaluate the flexibility of a building HVAC system. A robust optimization based hierarchical control scheme was presented in [6] enabling an aggregation of commercial buildings providing also AS to the grid. [7] discussed a contract design problem for aggregators providing AS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Advantages of Office Buildings Providing Ancillary Services With Intraday Participation

Qureshi

Lymperopoulos

Khatir

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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Abstract-Controlling the consumption profile of office buildings can be used to provide balancing services to the power grid at a financial benefit without violating its thermal comfort constraints. The economic advantage of such a service is a reduction in the total operating cost, but also an increase in average occupants' comfort when using our control scheme. We study these effects for the case of participating in the secondary frequency control market of Switzerland. Moreover, we examine the advantages of engaging in the intraday energy market. We propose a method for solving the flexibility bidding problem for a building in order to partake in the ancillary services market. The proposed solution is based on the combination of a new intraday control policy and two-stage stochastic programming. We also study the sensitivity of this economic benefit to electricity pricing. Our findings are based on extensive simulations with real data for energy prices, ancillary service bids, meteorological records and the frequency control signals for the year 2014 as transmitted by Swissgrid.

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Robust Provision of Frequency Reserves by Office Building Aggregations

Cited by 46 publications

References 14 publications

Distributed flexibility characterization and resource allocation for multi-zone commercial buildings in the smart grid

Distributed flexibility characterization and resource allocation for multi-zone commercial buildings in the smart grid

Experimental demonstration of buildings providing frequency regulation services in the Swiss market

Economic Advantages of Office Buildings Providing Ancillary Services With Intraday Participation

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