Robust production optimization with capacitance-resistance model as precursor

Hong, Aojie; Bratvold, Reidar Brumer; Nævdal, Gunnar

doi:10.1007/s10596-017-9666-8

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Depending on the situation, it might be plausible to include other factors in Equation (43), for example, price of produced gas, drilling and abandonment costs. Several authors have considered the problem of maximizing NPV with CRM [19,31,[92][93][94]. Alternative formulations for the objective function include maximizing cumulative field oil production [8,9], and minimizing cumulative field CO 2 production [86].…”

Section: Well Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A discussion on the applicability and mathematical formulation of optimization algorithms is beyond the scope of this paper. However, it is worth mentioning some algorithms that have been applied to the CRM well control optimization problem: sequential quadratic programming [8], generalized reduced gradient algorithm [9,92], genetic algorithm [29], and ensemble optimization [31,93,94].…”

Section: Well Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since CRM predicts production rates by solving a continuity equation for a reduced number of control volumes when compared to grid-based reservoir simulation, it is expected to drastically reduce the computational time in these recursive optimization problems. Hong et al [94] discussed the use of CRM as a proxy model for waterflooding optimization in the cases where a grid-based reservoir model is available; their results indicate that CRM provides a near-optimal solution when compared to the more descriptive grid-based models.…”

Section: Well Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A State-of-the-Art Literature Review on Capacitance Resistance Models for Reservoir Characterization and Performance Forecasting

et al. 2018

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Capacitance resistance models (CRMs) comprise a family of material balance reservoir models that have been applied to primary, secondary and tertiary recovery processes. CRMs predict well flow rates based solely on previously observed production and injection rates, and producers’ bottomhole pressures (BHPs); i.e., a geological model and rock/fluid properties are not required. CRMs can accelerate the learning curve of the geological analysis by providing interwell connectivity maps to corroborate features such as sealing faults and channels, as well as diagnostic plots to determine sweep efficiency and reservoir compartmentalization. Additionally, it is possible to compute oil and water rates by coupling a fractional flow model to CRMs which enables, for example, optimization of injected fluids allocation in mature fields. This literature review covers the spectrum of the CRM theory and conventional reservoir field applications, critically discussing their advantages and limitations, and recommending potential improvements. This review is timely because over the last decade there has been a significant increase in the number of publications in this subject; however, a paper dedicated to summarize them has not yet been presented.

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Section: Well Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Well Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Well Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A State-of-the-Art Literature Review on Capacitance Resistance Models for Reservoir Characterization and Performance Forecasting

et al. 2018

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“…In their work, The CRM equation was only used to detect faults or low-permeability areas between wells, rather than acting as a proxy for the simulator, with the advantage of using actual production and injection data. Hong et al [32] presented a proxy-model workflow where a grid-based model was supplemented by the useful yet tractable CRM model as a proxy for waterflood operations. The results indicated that CRM models have high potential to serve as a cogent proxy model for waterflooding related decision-making and obtain robust results that result in a near-optimal solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved CRM Model for Inter-Well Connectivity Estimation and Production Optimization: Case Study for Karst Reservoirs

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Energies

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Due to the coexistence of multiple types of reservoir bodies and widely distributed aquifer support in karst carbonate reservoirs, it remains a great challenge to understand the reservoir flow dynamics based on traditional capacitance–resistance (CRM) models and Darcy’s percolation theory. To solve this issue, an improved injector–producer-pair-based CRM model coupling the effect of active aquifer support was first developed and combined with the newly-developed Stochastic Simplex Approximate Gradient (StoSAG) optimization algorithm for accurate inter-well connectivity estimation in a waterflood operation. The improved CRM–StoSAG workflow was further applied for real-time production optimization to find the optimal water injection rate at each control step by maximizing the net present value of production. The case study conducted for a typical karst reservoir indicated that the proposed workflow can provide good insight into complex multi-phase flow behaviors in karst carbonate reservoirs. Low connectivity coefficient and time delay constant most likely refer to active aquifer support through a high-permeable flow channel. Moreover, the injector–producer pair may be interconnected by complex fissure zones when both the connectivity coefficient and time delay constant are relatively large.

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“…CRM has a wide range of uses in the petroleum industry. Its application consists of water flooding management and optimization, heterogeneity diagnosis, interwell connectivity determination, injection allocation optimization, gas storage, and natural fracture detection …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On determination of interwell connectivity under immiscible gas injection process: Modified capacitance‐resistance model

et al. 2018

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Interwell connectivity is an important parameter in reservoir management and optimization during water/gas injection. As an analytical approach, the capacitance-resistance model (CRM) is a rapid tool that only needs some common and available data for field performance prediction. The nonlinear signal processing technique is used with the CRM to determine reservoir continuity between production and injection wells. Current CRMs are applicable in water flooding systems. In this study, a modified capacitance-resistance model (M-CRM) for interwell connectivity calculation in immiscible gas flooding projects is developed based on the mass balance equation. Slightly compressible flow is one of the main assumptions in CRM development while gas is compressible and the gas property variation with pressure should be scrutinized in the equations. Therefore, new equations need gas PVT properties to consider the effect of gas compressibility. Moreover, the productivity equation for oil and gas production should be revised. The constructed model that considers mass balance and the productivity equation is applied in two synthetic models and one real sector reservoir model. The genetic algorithm, as an optimization tool for solving the new model, is used and streamline simulation is selected as a validation tool for interwell connectivity parameter calculation. Based on the streamline results, it was observed that a M-CRM is able to predict the reservoir behaviour better than a common CRM for pre/post breakthrough conditions in gas injection scenarios. Also, an analysis is performed for different parameters that affect the new model in immiscible gas flooding. Results show that modification on the mass balance equation has a greater influence than the productivity equation.

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Robust production optimization with capacitance-resistance model as precursor

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

A State-of-the-Art Literature Review on Capacitance Resistance Models for Reservoir Characterization and Performance Forecasting

A State-of-the-Art Literature Review on Capacitance Resistance Models for Reservoir Characterization and Performance Forecasting

Improved CRM Model for Inter-Well Connectivity Estimation and Production Optimization: Case Study for Karst Reservoirs

On determination of interwell connectivity under immiscible gas injection process: Modified capacitance‐resistance model

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