“…To overcome this issue, recently, a nonlinear terminal sliding mode (TSM) has been selected as the DED injection term because of its finite-time stability, in place of the commonly used linear dynamics (Jin et al, 2009). In addition, several evolved versions of the TSM-type DED have also been proposed in the literatures, such as fast nonsingular TSM (FNTSM) (Yu et al, 2019), fractional-order NTSM (FONTSM) (Wang et al, 2016) and integal TSM (ITSM) (Lee et al, 2014a, 2019). Among these approaches, the ITSM-type DED does not require the second derivative of the feedback signal, which normally avoids the noise amplification in practical applications.…”