“…Recently, many heuristic search optimization techniques have been proposed to solve some of these problems. Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), for instance, are robust and flexible in handling nonlinearities and discrete variables, and have been successfully applied in different power system optimization problems such as load flow calculation [31], optimal reactive power flow (ORPF) [19,[32][33][34][35], transient stability constrained OPF [36], damping control design [37], TNEP [38], unit commitment [39], unit maintenance scheduling [40], and power market analysis [41][42][43][44]. These algorithms can be implemented on GC platform and provide efficient tools for power system operation and planning.…”