Robust nonlinear aggregation operator for ECG powerline interference reduction

Łęski, Jacek M.

doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102675

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Therefore, the comparative results of this study are focused only on the clinical ECG records in the PTB Diagnostic database (mean performance among records and leads), and the performance score of SF evaluated with clinical records is worse compared to tests with the artificial signals in the CTS-ECG analytical database (Table 3). [62] are reported for peak-to-peak PLI amplitude of 500 µV, corresponding to SNR in range of −5 to 0 dB, according to Figure 9 (PLI amplitude range between 200 and 500 µV r.m.s. estimated with samples from the same ECG database (DB1)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research in Table 4 finds the most studies on PLI filtering published in the last 10 years, which is evidence of continuous technological interest in signal quality improvement. Table 4 orders the technologies by the types of their methods, including the Savitzky-Golay filter [53]; moving average PLL [12]; notch filters [54,56,58,59,63,64]; adaptive filters [17,28,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60]63]; discrete wavelet transforms [56,61,65]; more complex algorithms using an ECG noise-aware dictionary, sparse signal decomposition, and reconstruction [59]; empirical mode decomposition [61]; Kalman filters [61,64]; a hybrid filter with two-sided filtration and multi-iterative approximation techniques [9]; a nonlinear aggregation operator [62]; and artificial neural networks [63][64][65][66]. Among all the studies, only one was found to conduct tests with variable amplitude and frequency [55] and another with variable frequency [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Common-Mode Driven Synchronous Filtering of the Powerline Interference in ECG

2022

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Powerline interference (PLI) is a major disturbing factor in ground-free biopotential acquisition systems. PLI produces both common-mode and differential input voltages. The first is suppressed by a high common-mode rejection ratio of bioamplifiers. However, the differential PLI component evoked by the imbalance of electrode impedances is amplified together with the diagnostic differential biosignal. Therefore, PLI filtering is always demanded and commonly managed by analog or digital band-rejection filters. In electrocardiography (ECG), PLI filters are not ideal, inducing QRS and ST distortions as a transient reaction to steep slopes, or PLI remains when its amplitude varies and PLI frequency deviates from the notch. This study aims to minimize the filter errors in wide deviation ranges of PLI amplitudes and frequencies, introducing a novel biopotential readout circuit with a software PLI demodulator–remodulator concept for synchronous processing of both differential-mode and common-mode signals. A closed-loop digital synchronous filtering (SF) algorithm is designed to subtract a PLI estimation from the differential-mode input in real time. The PLI estimation branch connected to the SF output includes four stages: (i) prefilter and QRS limiter; (ii) quadrature demodulator of the output PLI using a common-mode driven reference; (iii) two servo loops for low-pass filtering and the integration of in-phase and quadrature errors; (iv) quadrature remodulator for synthesis of the estimated PLI using the common-mode signal as a carrier frequency. A simulation study of artificially generated PLI sinusoids with frequency deviations (48–52 Hz, slew rate 0.01–0.1 Hz/s) and amplitude deviations (root mean square (r.m.s.) 50–1000 μV, slew rate 10–200 μV/s) is conducted for the optimization of SF servo loop settings with artificial signals from the CTS-ECG calibration database (10 s, 1 lead) as well as for the SF algorithm test with 40 low-noise recordings from the Physionet PTB Diagnostic ECG database (10 s, 12 leads) and CTS-ECG analytical database (10 s, 8 leads). The statistical study for the PLI frequencies (48–52 Hz, slew rate ≤ 0.1 Hz/s) and amplitudes (≤1000 μV r.m.s., slew rate ≤ 40 μV/s) show that maximal SF errors do not exceed 15 μV for any record and any lead, which satisfies the standard requirements for a peak ringing noise of < 25 μV. The signal-to-noise ratio improvement reaches 57–60 dB. SF is shown to be robust against phase shifts between differential- and common-mode PLI. Although validated for ECG signals, the presented SF algorithm is generalizable to different biopotential acquisition settings via surface electrodes (electroencephalogram, electromyogram, electrooculogram, etc.) and can benefit many diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common-Mode Driven Synchronous Filtering of the Powerline Interference in ECG

2022

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“…Currently, one of the main causes of death worldwide is heart disease and heart failure. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that complications and heart disease account for 17.9 million annual fatalities [1][2][3]. As a result, an appropriate and clear measurement or examination method is required for the analyst to diagnose the human heart.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-processing of ECG signal based on multistage filters

Waheed

2023

JICS

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In this paper, a new approach was adopted in order to remove the artifacts present in the raw ECG signal. To realizing this process a multiple types of filters for a variety of types of noises have been applied to obtain the lowest possible noise. Initially, the ECG signal was filtered from the electromyography signal, and then the filtered signal was passed again on another filter for the purpose of removing its drift from the baseline. The effectiveness of the suggested approach has been assessed in comparison to the conventional ECG signal. Results of this study showed significantly less signaling noise than was present in the conventional signal. Overall, the signal to noise ratio and the mean square error of the filtered ECG reached 15.72 and 0.006, respectively, in the filtered signal of one of the ECG recordings.

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An Application of Dual-Q Tunable Q-factor Wavelet Transform for QRS Detection in ECG Signal

Pander

Przybyła

2022

2022 29th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and System (MIXDES)

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Robust nonlinear aggregation operator for ECG powerline interference reduction

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Common-Mode Driven Synchronous Filtering of the Powerline Interference in ECG

Common-Mode Driven Synchronous Filtering of the Powerline Interference in ECG

Pre-processing of ECG signal based on multistage filters

An Application of Dual-Q Tunable Q-factor Wavelet Transform for QRS Detection in ECG Signal

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