Robust multi‐objective blood glucose control in Type‐1 diabetic patient

Abstract

In this study, an automatic robust multi-objective controller has been proposed for blood glucose (BG) regulation in Type-1 Diabetic Mellitus (T1DM) patient through subcutaneous route. The main objective of this work is to control the BG level in T1DM patient in the presence of unannounced meal disturbances and other external noises with a minimum amount of insulin infusion rate. The multi-objective output-feedback controller with H ∞ , H 2 and pole-placement constraints has been designed using linear matrix inequality technique. The designed controller for subcutaneous insulin delivery was tested on in silico adult and adolescent subjects of UVa/Padova T1DM metabolic simulator. The experimental results show that the closed-loop system tracks the reference BG level very well and does not show any hypoglycaemia effect even during the long gap of a meal at night both for in silico adults and adolescent. In the presence of 50 gm meal disturbance, average adult experience normoglycaemia 92% of the total simulation time and hypoglycaemia 0% of total simulation time. The robustness of the controller has been tested in the presence of irregular meals and insulin pump noise and error. The controller yielded robust performance with a lesser amount of insulin infusion rate than the other designed controllers reported earlier.

Chattering ‐ free hybrid adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system‐particle swarm optimisation data fusion‐based BG‐level control

“…This selected T1DM patient has a body mass index (BMI) =50 and the base BG level is G b = G 0 = 12.37 mM that indicates a higher BG level compared with the normal level. K xgi is the rate of glucose uptake by insulin-dependent tissues per pM of plasma insulin concentration is <10 −4 that shows a subnormal insulin delivery rate [44][45][46].…”

“…The effects of physical activities such as exercise and emotional behaviour were not considered in [34]. Only meal disturbances, sensor and actuator noises were considered and try to be rejected in [45]; the effects of physical exercise by the patient was not considered.…”

“…The effects of sensor and actuator noises, critical initial condition, physical activity and emotions were neglected in [33,34]. The effects of physical exercise by the patient are not considered in [45]. ii.…”

“…ii. The proposed intelligent control scheme on the well known Palumbo model was done, whereas in [33,34,[45][46][47], based on BM [34], BMM [47], modified BMM [33,46] and Dalla Man model [45] which are not counted as a DDE model and have less compliance with diagnostic testing of a diabetic patient. iii.…”

“…ii. The limitation of the Palumbo DDE model is that the effects of growth hormone and glucagon and so on have not been considered, whereas in [45] based on Dalla Man model. iii.…”