Robust load frequency control for networked power system with renewable energy via fractional‐order global sliding mode control

Abstract

Owing to random load changes and transmission time delays in interconnected power systems with renewable energy, the load frequency control scheme has become one of the main methods to keep stability and security of power systems. To relieve communication burden and increase network utilisation, an adaptive event-triggered scheme is explored. Then, a new fractional-order global sliding mode control scheme comprising the fractional-order term in the sliding surface is adopted to improve robustness of load frequency control. The fractional-order term generates a new degree of freedom and more adjustable parameters to improve control performance. Furthermore, the Markov theory is applied in the modelling process to better describe the uncertainty of parameters and external disturbances. The stability and stabilisation criteria for multi-area power systems load frequency control are put forward by employing the improved Lyapunov function and integral inequalities with auxiliary functions. Finally, two simulation examples containing a two-area power system and modified IEEE 39-bus New England test power system with three wind farms are presented to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Effects of Communication Signal Delay on the Power Grid: A Review

“…Because their stability index (W c ) is so large that their safety is lower than ours we have a small index in various parts that have been considered in the IEEJ WEST 10-machine model. Much of the work has been done in the past to illustrate the impact of communication delays [19][20][21], on the results obtained based on the impact on the feedback controller. Controllers need to be able to cope with communication delays, and how to reduce the risk of adverse effects should be addressed accordingly.…”

“…Heydari et al have shown that communication in delays affects microgrid island and continue with the second inspection that took place the survey was conducted with a small sample [19,20]. Some researchers showed one of the ways in which literature only assessed its power delayed check for the second check (e.g., [21]) and others (e.g., [22]) on the full line of the power of the system, both are small-scale signals. There are also indications of the effects of testing delays on the distribution system state estimation (DSSE) were investigated using Monte Carlo (MC) analysis in [23,24] are evaluated, using a well-defined weighted least squares (WLS) the weight of the matrix, in [25], however, to the knowledge of the authors, it has never been established as an undoubted source for growth the analytical expression for calculating the final state estimation (SE) is undoubtedly related to the shock from the communication.…”

“…The authors of [66] used the NN method to accurately compare the TDS attack in real-time and to assess the delay in the NCS system to see its safety effects on two power systems. In [21], the authors provide an analysis of a one-time load control program, the main way to maintain the safety and security of the energy system. Moreover, Markov's idea is the basis on which they set up a model to better explain how to combat inaccuracies in measurement and external disturbances.…”

Observer‐Based Sliding Mode Load Frequency Control of Power Systems under Deception Attack

“…Sliding mode control, with its advantages in overcoming system uncertainties and achieving strong robustness against disturbances, has been widely used in a variety of fields [6][7][8]. System robustness is enhanced by combining dynamic surface control with the sliding mode [9][10][11][12]. It can be used in different systems such as nonlinear systems [13], Markovian jump systems [14], power systems, and so on.…”

Numerical Solutions of Fractional Differential Equations by Using Laplace Transformation Method and Quadrature Rule

“…The need and demand for making more accurate and precise calculations in many industrial and technological fields have caused fractional calculus to become very popular in recent years. Today, it is known that many physical processes in nature can be modeled by using fractional calculus, such as control systems [1,2], material modeling and mechanics [3,4], chaotic systems [5,6], power and energy systems [7,8] and medicine [9,10]. Due to the increasing growth in fractional order models in the various area of science, the analysis and the development of numerical methods for fractional differential equations (FDEs) and partial differential equations with time or space fractional derivatives have become an attractive area of research [11].…”