“…Nevertheless, it needs accurate target acceleration information which is often unknown or poorly estimated in practical applications. To deal with highly maneuvering and agile targets in the absence of its acceleration, some new guidance laws based on nonlinear control method and robust control method have been proposed, such as Lyapunov-based nonlinear guidance laws [20,12,26], nonlinear geometric guidance laws [1,27], differential game guidance laws [19,29], nonlinear H ∞ guidance laws [24,25], L 2 gain guidance law [31], and sliding-mode guidance laws * Corresponding author. Tel.…”