Robust DT-CWT Watermarking for DIBR 3D Images

Kim, Hee‐Dong; Lee, Jiwon; Oh, Tae-Woo; Lee, Heung-Kyu

doi:10.1109/tbc.2012.2206851

Cited by 92 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The proposed method was compared with other blind DIBR image watermarking systems, specifically Lin's method [18] and Kim's method [20]. The bit capacity of all methods was set to 64.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust Template-Based Watermarking for DIBR 3D Images

et al. 2018

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Several depth image-based rendering (DIBR) watermarking methods have been proposed, but they have various drawbacks, such as non-blindness, low imperceptibility and vulnerability to signal or geometric distortion. This paper proposes a template-based DIBR watermarking method that overcomes the drawbacks of previous methods. The proposed method exploits two properties to resist DIBR attacks: the pixel is only moved horizontally by DIBR, and the smaller block is not distorted by DIBR. The one-dimensional (1D) discrete cosine transform (DCT) and curvelet domains are adopted to utilize these two properties. A template is inserted in the curvelet domain to restore the synchronization error caused by geometric distortion. A watermark is inserted in the 1D DCT domain to insert and detect a message from the DIBR image. Experimental results of the proposed method show high imperceptibility and robustness to various attacks, such as signal and geometric distortions. The proposed method is also robust to DIBR distortion and DIBR configuration adjustment, such as depth image preprocessing and baseline distance adjustment.

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“…The proposed method was compared with other blind DIBR image watermarking systems, specifically Lin's method [18] and Kim's method [20]. The bit capacity of all methods was set to 64.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kim et al suggested a watermarking method that employed quantization on dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) domain coefficients [20]. The method used directional coefficients that were not significantly changed by the DIBR process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Template-Based Watermarking for DIBR 3D Images

et al. 2018

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“…즉, 원하는 시점의 영상을 임의로 시청자 측에서 생성되는데, 3D 영상 자체가 고부가가치 영상임을 감안하며 시청자가 생성한 영상에 대한 지적재산권 문제가 더욱 심각해질 것 은 자명한 일이다. 이에 최근 임의로 생성된 영상에 대한 디지털 워터마킹 방법에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다 [4][5][6] . 일반적으로 [4] .…”

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“…이에 최근 임의로 생성된 영상에 대한 디지털 워터마킹 방법에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다 [4][5][6] . 일반적으로 [4] . 이 방 법은 참조패턴과 시점이 일치하는 경우에는 6% 이하의 BER(bit error rate)를 보였지만 일치하지 않는 경우 40% 이상의 BER을 보여, 미리 가정하지 않은 시점에서의 워터 마크 데이터 추출이 용이하지 않음을 보이고 있다.…”

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Digital Watermarking on Image for View-point Change and Malicious Attacks

Kim¹,

Seo²,

Kim³

2014

Journal of Broadcast Engineering

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This paper deals with digital watermarking methods to protect ownership of image with targeting the ultra-high multi-view or free-view image service in which an arbitrary viewpoint image should be rendered at the user side. The main purpose of it is not to propose a superior method to the previous methods but to show how difficult to construct a watermarking scheme to overcome the viewpoint translation attack. Therefore we target the images with various attacks including viewpoint translation. This paper first shows how high the error rate of the extracted watermark data from viewpoint-translated image by basic schemes of the method using 2DDCT(2D discrete cosine transform) and the one using 2DDWT(2D discrete wavelet transform), which are for 2D image. Because the difficulty in watermarking for the viewpoint-translated image comes from the fact that we don't know the translated viewpoint, we propose a scheme to find the translated viewpoint, which uses the image and the corresponding depth information at the original viewpoint. This method is used to construct the two non-blind watermarking methods to be proposed. They are used to show that recovery of the viewpoint affect a great deal of the error rate of the extracted watermark. Also by comparing the performances of the proposed methods and the previous ones, we show that the proposed ones are better in invisibility and robustness, even if they are non-blind.

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Efficient hybrid watermarking schemes for robust and secure 3D‐MVC communication

El‐Shafai

El-Rabaie

El-Halawany

et al. 2017

Int J Communication

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Digital watermarking is a promising and efficient methodology for protecting the copyright of the transmitted multimedia data. Three-dimensional videos (3DVs) are transmitted and stored in the form of compressed information.Thus, there is a great need for compressed 3DV watermarking. This paper presents 2 proposed hybrid watermarking schemes for securing the 3DV transmission. The first watermarking scheme is the homomorphic transform-based singular value decomposition in discrete wavelet transform domain. The second scheme is the 3-level discrete stationary wavelet transform in discrete cosine transform domain. The objective of the 2 proposed hybrid watermarking schemes is to increase the immunity of the watermarked 3DV to attacks and achieve adequate perceptual quality. The performances of the 2 proposed hybrid watermarking schemes are compared with those of the state-of-the-art watermarking schemes. The comparisons depend on both of the subjective visual results and the objective results; the peak signal-to-noise ratios of the watermarked frames and the normalized correlation of the extracted watermark frames. Extensive simulation results on standard 3DV sequences have been conducted in the presence of attacks. The obtained results confirm that the 2 suggested hybrid watermarking schemes are robust in the presence of attacks. They achieve not only very good perceptual quality with appreciated peak signal-to-noise ratio values but also high correlation coefficient values in the presence of attacks. beneficial to ensure copyright. A digital watermark can be embedded either in a compressed video or uncompressed video. 2 Video information are always transported and stored in the form of compressed data. The uncompressed video watermarking schemes can also be used for the compressed-video bit streams; however, they require complete video re-encoding and decoding for the watermark insertion or extraction. In different cases, the complete video stream decoding process is not recommended. So, the compressed video watermarking has recently acquired more attentiveness. Furthermore, the watermark insertion and extraction in compressed data has less computations, because the complete reencoding and decoding of the transmitted stream is not required for embedding and extracting the watermark bits.Recently, several video encoding standards have emerged. The objective of an encoding standard is to achieve high data compression, while maintaining an acceptable quality. The 3D multiview video coding (3D-MVC) is an efficient one of the recent encoding standards used in different applications. The 3D-MVC has received a broad attentiveness, and it is expected to rapidly take place of traditional 2D video coding in numerous applications. 3 In the 3D-MVC system, the original 3D video (3DV) consisting of multiple video streams is taken for the same object by various cameras. Thus, to transport the 3DV over limited resources networks, a highly efficient compression standard must be applied, whilst preserving a high reception quality. ...

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Robust DT-CWT Watermarking for DIBR 3D Images

Cited by 92 publications

References 22 publications

Robust Template-Based Watermarking for DIBR 3D Images

Robust Template-Based Watermarking for DIBR 3D Images

Digital Watermarking on Image for View-point Change and Malicious Attacks

Efficient hybrid watermarking schemes for robust and secure 3D‐MVC communication

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