Robust design optimization of retaining wall backfilled with shredded tire in the face of earthquake hazards

Ravichandran, Nadarajah; Wang, Lei; Rahbari, Parishad; Juang, C. Hsein

doi:10.1007/s10064-020-02038-9

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…is value can be then set as objective to be optimized. e multiobjective optimization is still a developing concept and has been applied by Purohit [21], Kaveh et al [47], Khajehzadeh et al [49], Rahbari [23], Rahbari et al [64], Kalateh-Ahani and Sarani [68], Kayabekir et al [75], Ravichandran et al [84], Uray et al [92], Dodigović et al [94], and Tutus ¸et al [95]. e study of Kayabekir et al [75] has also attempted to vary the cost of concrete and steel to study their effects on optimization with respect to economical and sustainable design.…”

Section: Objective Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Walls: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review

Shakeel

Azam

Riaz

et al. 2022

Advances in Civil Engineering

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The booming growth of computational abilities in the 21st century has led to its assimilation and benefit in all horizons of engineering. For civil engineers, these advancements have led to groundbreaking technologies such as BIM, automation, and optimization. Unfortunately, even in an era of dwindling resources and dire need for sustainability, optimization has failed to attract implementation in practice. Despite an exponential growth as an area of research interest, the optimization of engineering structures such as reinforced concrete (RC) is still a complex task that requires multidisciplinary knowledge, hindering its practicability. Although past review papers have delved into this topic, they have only been able to cover the breadth of information available by covering broader aspects of optimization of structures. This study on the other hand aims to cover this topic in depth to uncover problem specific trends and issues, by focusing only on optimization of RC cantilever retaining walls. Although there is an abundance of research studies on this topic, there is an absence of any critical review to tie them up, and concurrently with its broader scope, it suffers the same lack of applicability in the field. The in-depth review presents a summarization of all the online publications including research articles, conference papers, and theses to the best of authors’ knowledge on the topic of RC cantilever retaining wall optimization. Geographical trends, regional developments, and prominent journals have been identified. The design codes, problem formulation, objectives, constraints, variables, and their optimization techniques are tabulated for ease of understanding. Unique areas of development investigated by the different researchers have been highlighted. Lastly, comprehensive recommendations for future works have been detailed with a focus on improving its applicability and assimilation into the construction industry.

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Section: Objective Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Walls: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review

Shakeel

Azam

Riaz

et al. 2022

Advances in Civil Engineering

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“…Studies were carried out to access the performance of other optimization methods example differential evolution (DE), evolutionary strategy (ES) and biogeography based optimization algorithm (BBO), for nonlinear constrained optimum design of cantilever retaining wall [5]. The application of optimization under earthquake loads was also studied [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Wall using Particle Swarm Optimization

Srivastava

Pandey

Kumar

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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The design of structures depends on designer’s experience and generally, the designer proceeds with trial and error until he arrives at a design which satisfies prescribed limit states. This is especially true for reinforced concrete structures in which the structural configuration is decided first and then reinforcement requirements are determined, resulting in higher cost. Retaining walls involve a large number of variables and therefore have been far from optimization. However, since retaining walls comprise of 20-30 percent of the cost of highways in hilly regions, their optimization is critical to economy of the project. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) does not require the objective function to be linear or differentiable and hence is ideally suited for optimization of retaining walls. This study uses PSO as a tool for the optimizing a Cantilever RC Retaining Wall. The objective function consists of two parts - cost function and penalty term. A program and GUI was developed to implement PSO. A reduction in cost was achieved from 8% -17% depending on the height of retaining wall, while the optimization in weight varied from 9%-34%.

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“…In the design of retaining walls, many studies have been conducted in which the design criteria specified in the Turkish Building Earthquake Code-2018 [11] were taken into account for the earthquake effect [12][13][14][15] and stability verifications for control the design criteria by considering the retaining wall-soil interaction in the earthquake effect are given in these studies. It is possible to meet studies in the literature that present optimum design of retaining walls by considering dynamic earthquake loads [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Harmony search optimization algorithm is an alternative manner obtaining optimum designs of retaining walls as it is seen from to an extensive literature review about reinforced concrete structural design optimization was given in the study conducted by Afzal et.al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Loads and Different Soil Characteristics Examination on Optimum Design of Cantilever Retaining Walls Utilizing Harmony Search Algorithm

Uray

Çarbaş

2021

International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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Optimum the cantilever retaining wall design for different soils and dynamic earthquake effects is presented here. In the investigation of optimum wall design-based metaheuristic, the harmony search algorithm was considered for different design cases which include five soil and two earthquake characteristics. Earthquake characteristics of mild and severe were obtained regarding two locations which was selected from Turkey Earthquake Risk Map. For selected two locations and local soil classes, map spectral acceleration coefficients were utilized defined in Turkish Building Earthquake Code-2018. Sliding, overturning, and bearing capacity safety factors were taken as design constraints for checking stability criteria of the cantilever retaining wall which is given in Turkish Building Earthquake Code-2018. Since the cost-based wall weight of the optimization problem was taken as the objective function, obtained optimum wall dimensions which are discrete design variables were compared in terms of different design cases. It is seen that the wall dimensions increase in order to meet the design criteria in case of the earthquake load increases when the obtained optimum design by the optimization analyzes are examined. Another result obtained for the same earthquake zone is that the wall dimensions and therefore the cost mostly increase in weak quality soils.

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Robust design optimization of retaining wall backfilled with shredded tire in the face of earthquake hazards

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Design Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Walls: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review

Design Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Walls: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review

Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Wall using Particle Swarm Optimization

Dynamic Loads and Different Soil Characteristics Examination on Optimum Design of Cantilever Retaining Walls Utilizing Harmony Search Algorithm

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