Robust Cyber–Physical Systems: Concept, models, and implementation

Abstract

In this paper we comprehensively survey the concept and strategies for building a resilient and integrated cyber-physical system (CPS). Here resilience refers to a 3S-oriented design, that is, stability, security, and systematicness: Stability means the CPS can achieve a stable sensing-actuation close-loop control even though the inputs (sensing data) have noise or attacks; Security means that the system can overcome the cyber-physical interaction attacks; and Systematicness means that the system has a seamless integration of sensors and actuators. We will also explain the CPS modeling issues since they serve as the basics of 3S design. We will use two detailed examples from our achieved projects to explain how to achieve a robust, systematic CPS design: Case study 1 is on the design of a rehabilitation system with cyber (sensors) and physical (robots) integration. Case Study 2 is on the implantable medical device design. It illustrates the nature of CPS security principle. The dominant feature of this survey is that it has both principle discussions and practical cyber-physical coupling design. 1

Cyber physical systems for predictive production systems

“…For example, in 2009, Sha et al [8] pointed out the complex nature of how subsystems interact [6] with each other in a CPS enabled environment as one of the key research focuses. In 2016, Hu et al [9] proposed a concept for resilient and integrated CPS named "3S-oriented design", where 3S stands for Stability, Security and Systematicness. Because of the continuous development in communication and computer technology, applications of CPS have grown in all sectors.…”

Deep digital maintenance

“…CPS can be comprehended as the use of logical properties of computers to control and monitor the dynamic properties of a physical asset [18]. In Industry 4.0, the logical properties of computers will improve the maintenance functions in a company and will control the technical conditions of physical assets better.…”

Robust event‐triggered model predictive control for cyber‐physical systems under denial‐of‐service attacks

“…Cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) where sampled signals and control inputs are generally transmitted via shared communication networks connect the cyber layer to the physical plant flexibly. Since the networks are vulnerable to cyber attacks, the analysis and control of critical infrastructures have witnessed increasing research interests, such as power‐grid, autonomous vehicles, and water distribution systems . The research areas on security of CPSs in the literature involve attack detection and identification, optimal attack scheduling, remote state estimation, resilient control under attacks, and so on.…”