“…Many interacting factors which are involved in underwater vehicle dynamics can cause oscillatory or unstable operations (Perstro, 1994). Several control solutions for position or velocity control of underwater vehicles have been proposed in the literature (Akçakaya & Gören Sümer, 2014;Goheen & Jeffery, 1990;Guo, Chiu, & Huang, 2003;Healey & Lienard, 1993;Kumar, Kumar, Sen, & Dasgupta, 2009;Pisano & Usai, 2004;Subudhi, Mukherjee, & Ghosh, 2013;Sun & Cheah, 2009;Xu, Pandian, Sakagami, & Petry, 2012); however, all of them have concentrated on autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). It is worth noting that, unlike the variable mass underwater vehicles (VMUVs), the masses of AUVs are fixed.…”