“…According to the authors' best knowledge, this is the first attempt to design an adaptive NTSMC using supervisory fuzzy control to control the output voltage of the buck converter. Compared to the previous studies on this issue (Ma, Zhang, Yang, Ding, & Dong, 2018;Pandey, Patil, Ginoya, Chaskar, & Phadke, 2019;Wang, Li, & Li, 2020), this research attempts to avoid the singularity problem in the control input signal and also proposes the hysteresis modulation and fuzzy supervisory method to prevent high frequency of MOSFET switching. Motivated by the above discussions, the contributions of this research are summarized as follows…”