Robust Combined Design and Control Optimization of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles Using MDSDO

Azad, Saeed; Alexander-Ramos, Michael J.

doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3071863

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…As previously discussed, motorcycles are more sensitive to mass and volume constraints than four-wheelers. In the high-fidelity tools for early-stage design proposed in the literature [36,43,45,46,64], the complexity of the modelling aims to answer component-level topology questions rather than high-level vehicle system questions. This approach in vehicle development might have been embedded due to traditional requirement-based design approaches.…”

Section: Electric Motorcycle Development Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are certain control features, such as gear shifting, ideal traction control, and regenerative braking based on ideal traction, which are included in the model to achieve the most from this level of fidelity. Moreover, most of the methodologies proposed in the literature are high-fidelity [36,43,45,46,64] and suitable for second, or later, development projects, where fundamental data for model parameterisation are available after the development of the first project. However, it is costly, time consuming and, most of the time, infeasible to invest in the characterisation of candidate components at the detail required for model parameterisation.…”

Section: Modelling Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Decision-Making Tool for Electric Powertrain Sizing for Motorcycles during New Product Development

Kirca,

McGordon,

Dinh

2024

Energies

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As part of the intergovernmental and public interventions to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, there are no existing regulations to ban the sale of petrol motorcycles (PM), but it is expected that motorcycle regulations will follow car regulations with several years of delay. There is an emerging trend in motorcycle uptake, which will lead to new development projects with existing brands, and new brands, and will clearly increase the need for development tools that satisfies design challenges specific to electric motorcycles (EM) and electric powertrains. There is significant importance in motorcycle design to quantify the vehicle-level performance indicators and specifications, which are not limited to total vehicle mass, range, acceleration performance, and top speed. Those performance indicators should be quantified for different powertrain configurations and component selections to identify the most suitable configuration for the specific motorcycle development. In this paper, an innovative powertrain sizing approach is proposed to provide solutions for EMs against the design challenges specific to electric motorcycles. The innovative approach is to apply the practice of design space exploration (DSE) in resilient system design (RSD) to EM development. As a proof of concept, a case study of battery sizing is presented, in which a powertrain sizing tool is used to identify battery pack sizing requirements using requirement-based design (RBD), sensitivity analysis and DSE. The case study shows that the RBD approach allows EM product developers to identify a single solution, while DSE clearly demonstrates the trade-off between different configurations, taking multiple design variables into account. The tool prioritises high accessibility and high confidence with limited information at the early phases of electric motorcycle powertrain component sizing and selection.

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Section: Electric Motorcycle Development Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelling Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Decision-Making Tool for Electric Powertrain Sizing for Motorcycles during New Product Development

Kirca,

McGordon,

Dinh

2024

Energies

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“…In this section, we start by discussing the optimal control structures under uncertainties in UCCD problems. These structures attempt to answer inherently different questions and have been used in separate studies in the literature [20,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. While these structures have a significant impact on the problem implementation and its associated solution, they have not been collectively discussed in the literature to the best of the authors' knowledge.…”

Section: Uccd Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This issue has been dealt with in two different ways in the literature: (1) relaxing the prescribed terminal boundary conditions [25,26], or (2) minimizing the variance of the terminal state in a multi-objective optimization problem [27,28]. The premise for both of these approaches is the assumption that terminal conditions are of Type II equality constraints (i.e., the strict satisfaction of such constraints under uncertainty cannot be guaranteed) [1,41,42].…”

Section: Open-loop Single-control (Olsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations Into Uncertain Control Co-Design Implementations for Stochastic in Expectation and Worst-Case Robust

Azad

Herber

2022

Volume 5: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control

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As uncertainty considerations become increasingly important aspects of concurrent plant and control optimization, it is imperative to identify and compare the impact of uncertain control co-design (UCCD) formulations on their associated solutions. While previous work has developed the theory for various UCCD formulations, their implementation, along with an in-depth discussion of the structure of UCCD problems, implicit assumptions, method-dependent considerations, and practical insights, is currently missing from the literature. Therefore, in this study, we address some of these limitations by proposing two optimal control structures for UCCD problems that we refer to as the open-loop single-control (OLSC) and open-loop multiple-control (OLMC). Next, we implement the stochastic in expectation UCCD (SE-UCCD) and worst-case robust UCCD (WCR-UCCD) for a simplified strain-actuated solar array (SASA) case study. For the implementation of SE-UCCD, we use generalized Polynomial Chaos expansion and benchmark the results against Monte Carlo Simulation. Next, we solve a simple SASA WCR-UCCD through OLSC and OLMC structures. Insights from such implementations indicate that constructing, implementing, and solving a UCCD problem requires an in-depth understanding of the problem at hand, formulations, and solution strategies to best address the underlying co-design under uncertainty questions.

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Chance-constrained robust co-design optimization for fuel cell hybrid electric trucks

2022

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Robust Combined Design and Control Optimization of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles Using MDSDO

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Rapid Decision-Making Tool for Electric Powertrain Sizing for Motorcycles during New Product Development

Rapid Decision-Making Tool for Electric Powertrain Sizing for Motorcycles during New Product Development

Investigations Into Uncertain Control Co-Design Implementations for Stochastic in Expectation and Worst-Case Robust

Chance-constrained robust co-design optimization for fuel cell hybrid electric trucks

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