Robust coal matrix intensifies electron/substrate interaction of nickel-nitrogen (Ni-N) active sites for efficient CO2 electroreduction at industrial current density

Gadolinium Changes the Local Electron Densities of Nickel 3d Orbitals for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction

“…Noticeably, CBNNiGd-700 and CBNNi-700 have almost the same Ni and N contents (Table S2), predicting their nearly identical amounts of Ni I -N sites on their surfaces. [34] Further, the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) data also show their similar total Ni contents (Table S3). Accordingly, the doping of a small quantity of Gd atoms into the Ni-based catalyst engineers the local electron densities of Ni 3d orbitals and tailors the sizes of Ni nanoparticles, but has little effect on the chemical composition of the sample, which is conducive to investigating the impacts of Gd atoms on the intrinsic activity of Ni I active sites.…”

“…[21] To overcome this problem, a tailor-made flow cell is employed to further enhance the catalytic performance of CBNNiGd-700, in which CO 2 gas can be directly blown to the surface of working electrode, avoiding its slow diffusion within electrolyte domains. [34] As shown in Figure 5a, the j CO of CBNNiGd-700 has been significantly elevated in the flow cell. Noticeably, the current density reaches 308 mA cm À 2 at À 0.91 V (after iR correction), demonstrating the excellent catalytic rate of CBNNiGd-700.…”

“…[39] The minimum R CT for CBNNiGd-700 indicates the quickest charge-transfer rate, which provides assistance to efficient electron/substrate interactions over the Ni I active sites. [34] In addition, CBNNiGd-700 has the smallest Tafel slope value of 109 mV dec À 1 (Figure 4f), indicating its accelerated catalytic rate in ECR upon the incorporation of Gd. [40] The Tafel slope of CBNNiGd-700 approaches the theoretical value of 118 mV dec À 1 , revealing that the rate-determining step is the first process (CO 2 !…”

Highly selective CO2electroreduction to CO by the synergy between Ni–N–C and encapsulated Ni nanoparticles

“…41-1487). 35 Three sharp peaks of Ni@Ni–N–C located at 44.5°, 51.8°, and 76.5° are assigned to the (111), (200), and (220) planes of metallic Ni (JCPDS No. 87-0712), respectively.…”

Gadolinium Changes the Local Electron Densities of Nickel 3d Orbitals for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction

“…[21] To overcome this problem, a tailor-made flow cell is employed to further enhance the catalytic performance of CBNNiGd-700, in which CO 2 gas can be directly blown to the surface of working electrode, avoiding its slow diffusion within electrolyte domains. [34] As shown in Figure 5a, the j CO of…”